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| Abstract: | This article underlines the significance of classic literature in contemporary world literature, Concept of dream in Urdu Novel. The relationship of dream with human life and also explain background of the concept of dream and its effects and importance in human life |
| Keyswords: | classic literature, concept of dream, relationship of dream with human life |
| Pages: | 1-6 |
| Article: | 1 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)1 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)1 |
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| Abstract: | Urdu language is the identity, symbol and biggest memorandum of our national and Islamic tradition. It is the trustee of our identity because it rich literature, culture and historical background. Urdu language has proved its importance because of its harmony and vastness. There is no doubt it is world wide popular language, but unfortunately it has not achieved the status that it deserve in their own country Pakistan. Urdu priority is given to English. In this situation we need to consider the due status of our national language that is sign of our identity. In following article enlighted the importance of Urdu |
| Keyswords: | Memorandum, Trustee, Literature, Historical Background, Vastness, Popular Language, National Language |
| Pages: | 7-18 |
| Article: | 2 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)2 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)2 |
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| Abstract: | The article covers fundamental ideas of Liberal Feminism that have been depicted by Urdu Poetess namely Gul Naar Aafreen. She has been impressed by the concepts of political autonomy and freedom. She has reflected Feminist problems such as Honor killing, Economic, Legal, Political and social rights of Pakistani women, who have been fallen victim to terrorism, Social oppression, Gender differences, Social stereotypes and Old customs |
| Keyswords: | Feminist Individualism, Political Autonomy, Honor Killing, Liberal Feminism, Oppression, Stereotypes |
| Pages: | 19-36 |
| Article: | 3 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)3 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)3 |
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| Abstract: | Muhammad Hassan Askri is one of the key figures in Urdu literature. He cannot be ignored even in Urdu criticism. His criticism is a noble example of unusual critical insights and profound literary taste of twentyth century. His sphere of critical insights is noteworthy. He always opens new ways of discussion in the issues whether cultural or mystic, poetry or philosophy, art or literature and even in music. In this way, he has provided new information to new generation. His criticism influences the readers to the depth. His perceptions kept on changing and this has been considered as positive and accepted. So we can find the reaction of thoughts in his criticism. It is also true that the works against or in favour of his work is more than his original work. In this article views of a few leading and influential critics who subjected his scope of ideas, have been discussed |
| Keyswords: | Urdu Literature, Criticism, Insights, Literary, Discussion, Cultural, Mystic, Philosophy |
| Pages: | 37-52 |
| Article: | 4 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)4 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)4 |
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| Abstract: | With the passage of time some words(sounds)may be replaced with other words(sounds).It may be said that some words(sonds) may be extinct from any language and new words(sounds) can be coined for their replacement.This type of change is common in all major languages of the world.It is of no consequence that Urdu has been accepting these changes to tackle the challenges of modern linguistic world .In this research article an effort has been made to explain some rules of change in sounds of some words.These words have been travelled a long journey to reach present place and status.A variety of cultures and social norms also affect the language and cause to remix some sounds.These changes are a basic and important cause of expansion in all the major languages of the world.Some changes are taken place under some specific rules and some changes are beyond any rule. |
| Keyswords: | Coined, Tackle, Linguistics, Rules, Variety, Expansion, Cause, Specific, Sounds |
| Pages: | 53-62 |
| Article: | 5 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)5 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)5 |
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| Abstract: | In certain respects, Mushtaq Ahmad Yousufi’s name stands apart from his contemporaries as far as tradition of Urdu humour and satire is concerned. A ready proof of it is the fact that with publication of his maiden effort, “Chirag Taley” he gained attention of readers which has held ever since. Without a doubt the aforementioned writing of Yousufi is a credible and cherished asset of Urdu literature. In this article the writer has tried to decipher from a critical and research perspective, and analysis of Yousufi’s“Chirag Taley |
| Keyswords: | Mushtaq Ahmad Yousufi, Chirag Taley, Satire and Humor, Self directed humor, Essay, Sketch |
| Pages: | 63-80 |
| Article: | 6 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)6 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)6 |
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| Abstract: | This paper endeavors to identify the culture, civilization civic and antique or archaic through a comparative study. To achieve this end, not only have the views of researchers and historians been consulted but the fundamentals and principles of linguistics and cultural study have also been taken into account. Our scholars have not displayed a seriousness in distinguishing between culture and civilization in their work prior to this dissertation. They treated culture and civilization synonymous to one another on occasions and sometimes denoted the two by using a single term for both. Some writers used culture and other civilization to describe the same phenomenon and no one tried to explain distinct domains of the two. The writers of this particular piece have removed the ambiguity of the two phenomenon by delineating the limits and boundaries of culture and civilization with the help of qualitative study and content analysis. The study identifies the following major differences among the culture, civilization and the antique, while culture is the part of a whole called civilization, the former is generally used in a limited sense and latter in expensive meanings. The journey of civic starts with culture and finally culminates after travelling through centuries in to civilization, when a natural catastrophe wipes civilization off the face earth, it leaves behind many evidences of its existence which are called artifacts or antiquates. |
| Keyswords: | Culture, Civilazation, Journey, Evidences, Antique, Occasions |
| Pages: | 81-89 |
| Article: | 7 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)7 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)7 |
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| Abstract: | Brigadier Solat Raza served in Pakistan Army near about 30 years. During his services he faced a lot of ups and downs in life. He has a prominent place among the military humorists. Recently, his book namely “Ghair Fuji Kalam” came into market, which is consisted of on 50 articles. He wrote humor in very different styles. In his humor, he evokes the problems of the society and troops. He has also a keen observation on politics and the country’s condition, and his book, “Ghair Fuji Kalam” reflects his observations. He used very simple, plan and awesome sentances in his humor. Basically, his purpose of writing is to reform the society and people. He did’nt criticize to someone’s respect, or value. He picks up the important issues in his humorist articles, which are very necessary to everyone |
| Keyswords: | Pakistan Army, Prominent, Military, Humorists, Society |
| Pages: | 90-98 |
| Article: | 8 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)8 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)8 |
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| Abstract: | Poetry is an expression of a passionate desire to play flute with broken lips. Fartash is a good communicator that`s why his poetry through the mutual consultation of the heart and mind, which why his poetry knocks on reade`s heart and mind. Dr.Fartash's poetry is meaningful and precise; his expressions are clear and accurate. It is important to maintain a balance between form and substance; His couplets show a classical predilection for the typical themes of Urdu ghazal. These themes apparently appear familiar and simple, call for special poetic skills in terms of language. They require precision, brevity, careful phrasing and clarity of thoughts and expression. Fartash, in the case of appli .cation of themes, language, terminologies and expressions relates himself to Meer Taqi Meer, Mirza Ghalib, Meer Anees and Joun Ellia. Owing to his poetic contents, he is a representative poet of Neeli Baar. |
| Keyswords: | Neeli Baar, Urdu ghazal, broken lips, expressions, classical predilection, poetic contents |
| Pages: | 99-108 |
| Article: | 9 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)9 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)9 |
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| Abstract: | Iqbal was a philosophical poet, writer, researcher and educationist. He occupies the position of a bright guiding star, a sparking light house and a monument in our literary history. Iqbal’s thoughts have left a deep impression on the recent national history. He was also the economist and educationist. He wanted to introduce a separate and an Islamic educational system. The concept of ontology, epistemology, axiology, ego, women education, teaching methodology, curriculum, and character of teacher and development of young Muslims have been taken covered by Iqbal’s thoughts. The effects of these concepts are also prominent in his poetry. The Present day, particularly the Muslims will again have to embrace the responsibility of moral and ethical training through which our aspirations will determine our directions. This article is an effort to study these concepts as well as to evaluate the educational scenarios of Iqbal’s era |
| Keyswords: | Philosophical Poet, Islamic Educational System, Women Education, Modern and Ethical Training |
| Pages: | 109-118 |
| Article: | 10 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)10 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)10 |
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| Abstract: | Anwar Sajjad was renowned fiction writer in Urdu Literatue. He is considered trend setter in the Urdu short stories as well as Urdu Noval writer. In this essay, his famous noval “Khushion Ka Bagh” is being discussed in the perspective of modern fiction the traditiona modern fiction and it is elaborated that how milestone in the history of noval writing. It is also analysed the roal of Dr. Anwar Sajjad to create a new trend in the history of literature. |
| Keyswords: | Renowed, Fiction, Urdu Literature, Trend, Short Stories |
| Pages: | 119-130 |
| Article: | 11 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)11 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)11 |
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| Abstract: | Mulana Zafar Ali Khan is considered one of the distinguished Indian personalities of 20th century. During his whole life he served the literature and adopted journalism as a profession. He was inconsistent but he had God gifted ability of writing and poetry. He practically participated in politics and had to go to through the torture of prison. But he carried on his literal activities during prison which added valuable prosaic and poetic creations in Urdu literature. In this essay we are going to discuss about his prison life shortly and try to analyze his created prison literature. Undoubtedly, Molana Zafar Ali Khan was a great intellectual, poet, journalist and translator. "Sitar-e-Subhu" is an remarkable literally journal published and edited by Molana Zafar Ali Khan during his house arrest." |
| Keyswords: | Indian, Persolities, Served, Literature, Journalism, Profession |
| Pages: | 131-151 |
| Article: | 12 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)12 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)12 |
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| Abstract: | This article presents an analytical study of the concepts and trends of Iqbal’s sermons. Iqbal’s sermons have made it easier to understand Iqbal’s thought in prose. The study of these sermons reveals various aspects of Iqbal are thought. “Iqbal’s Sermons” makes it possible to access important sources of Iqbal’s consciousness, mental, psychological, religious and philosophical ideas. Here is a research and critical review of important works in the context of Iqbal’s sermons. These writings have tried to highlight Iqbal’s sermons in common, comprehensible, easy and simple Urdu language. These sermons were Iqbal’s intellectual masterpieces. In his sermons, he presented the study of Islam and modern philosophy of science in a comparatively analytical manner. The sermons try to bring together the comparative, harmonious trends of philosophy, religion and science. The sermons describe the logical, philosophical, wise, religious, psychological, social and scientific way of thinking in a scientific way. The study of Iqbal’s sermons is very important to understand the nature and meaning of Iqbal’s thought. In the article under review, the nature and meaning of the sermons as well as the important sources have been reviewed. |
| Keyswords: | Iqbal’s sermons, Analytical study, Comprehensible, Harmonious, Comparative, Religious, Reviewed |
| Pages: | 151-160 |
| Article: | 13 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)13 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)13 |
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| Abstract: | Intazar Hussain is a renowned short story writer in Urdu literature. In Urdu literature his writtings are at the vantage among great writers and their asset.His masterliness appears in his metaphorical and symbolic style of writing. His writings demand spacious study and deep view from his readers for its connoisseurship.His short stories emerge in simple incient narrative mode but holds a world of symbols and metaphors which can’t be controlled by common reader, therefore his art is particular and demands the mettle for its perception. His short stories specially presents four types of literary aspects, 1st social photography, 2nd romanticism and secularism where he narrats the stories about the declination of human and society, 3rd social and political issues and 4th aspect of his art is psychological where he discovers the human instinct and present it in diverse colours. Trough this article i have tried to enlighten his symbolic style of writing which confront in various forms. |
| Keyswords: | Metaphorical, symbolism, particular art, social photography, romanticism, psychological aspects |
| Pages: | 161-172 |
| Article: | 14 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)14 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)14 |
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| Abstract: | Urdu literature has a rich and prestigious tradition of poetery. The contribution of poetess is a great contribution in this tradition. The discision of Feminism is somehow new and relevant in the literary circles. The outstanding and exemplary role of Urdu poetess is a fantastic job. It is necessary to highlight the services of those poetess, who are currently working for this case. This article has a aim to bring to light their introduction and their services in this regard. The modern Urdu poetess played a vital role in the movement of feminism in the India and as well as in Pakistan |
| Keyswords: | Feminism, Urdu poetess, introduction, visions, Contributions, Research Articles, Women, Literature |
| Pages: | 173-183 |
| Article: | 15 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)15 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)15 |
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| Abstract: | Allama Iqbal is a philosopher cum poet. His teachings are useful for humanity till now after passing a century. The Quran played a vital role in shaping his philosophy. His thoughts and teaching cannot be obsolete because he gets the light from the Holy Quran and the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad (Peace be Upon Him). Iqbal not only gets inspiration from the Holy Quran but also suggests his readers to get the light from the Holy Book. He wrote many verses in his Urdu and Persian poetry about the Quran. He also wrote letters to his friends about the inspiration of Quran. He is of the view that Muslims can regain their great status if they act upon on the Quran teachings. In this article a detailed review has been taken how the Quran shaped his intellectual and mental evolution. A detailed analysis has also been taken about his basic concept "Khudi" in the light of the Quran. |
| Keyswords: | Quran, Muhammad, prophet, Iqbal, Thoughts, Evolution, Self, Poetry |
| Pages: | 184-191 |
| Article: | 16 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)16 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)16 |
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| Abstract: | Allama Iqbal is a philosopher cum poet. His teachings are useful for humanity till now after passing a century. The Quran played a vital role in shaping his philosophy. His thoughts and teaching cannot be obsolete because he gets the light from the Holy Quran and the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad (Peace be Upon Him). Iqbal not only gets inspiration from the Holy Quran but also suggests his readers to get the light from the Holy Book. He wrote many verses in his Urdu and Persian poetry about the Quran. He also wrote letters to his friends about the inspiration of Quran. He is of the view that Muslims can regain their great status if they act upon on the Quran teachings. In this article a detailed review has been taken how the Quran shaped his intellectual and mental evolution. A detailed analysis has also been taken about his basic concept "Khudi" in the light of the Quran. |
| Keyswords: | State, Muslim state, political ideology, political movement, religious movement, revolution |
| Pages: | 192-202 |
| Article: | 17 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)17 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)17 |
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| Abstract: | Mustansar Hussain Tarar is known as an important figure in Urdu literature and performed mentionable services in the field of column writing, novels and travelogues. In this article an analytical study of the "Mantiq Ul Tair Jadeed" has been made. In fact this is based upon the long poem of Khawaja Fareed Ud Din Attar with an addition of "Jadeed" (Modern). Tarar has pointed out relation of different social, cultural and religious issues of our society. This is sincere call for the development of human unity, natural love, patience and cooperation which are the major issues of our country. All these topics are highlighted in this writing. |
| Keyswords: | Urdu Literature Performed, Travelogues, Analytica, Social Culture, Society |
| Pages: | 203-209 |
| Article: | 18 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)18 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)18 |
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| Abstract: | This article is going to present the discourse of Pakistani culture, in the context of society and literature. The article narates the issues of Pakistani culture and society which are thoroughly dipectis its traditional and cultural behaviors. In short the society is the main origin of culture and then ingridents and componants of the cultural values exbitis its perspective soon after the creation of Pakistan many crilic and writers have paid attention to the discurse of Pakistani culture and society in their worthy writings. The roots of Pakistani culture and society can be search from thousand fears evolution of civilization ship of texla, gandara and Indus River civilization. Mean while the Pakistan is an Islamic country. That’s why we owes the gratest history of Islamic civilization as well. So we have the multi dimentional astects of culture, society and literature. |
| Keyswords: | Literature and Criticim, Culture and society, old cultural effects and incidents, Pakistani culture, Geography |
| Pages: | 210-228 |
| Article: | 19 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)19 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)19 |
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| Abstract: | Folk songs are the songs of the common people which are being passed down from one generation to another. These songs are the common creative heritage of all people, rather than the work of a single author. There are different types of Punjabi folk songs which are available for every occasion from human birth to death. Folk songs are a reflection of civilization, culture, history and the essence of the wisdom of experienced people. Folk songs are found in every language, nation, tribe and region. Folk songs help to understand regional geography, people's thinking, moods, customs and psychology. In 1906, The Ravi Magazine was launched in English. The first vernacular language, Punjabi, was published in 1910 and a few folk songs were printed. The publication of Punjabi language literature in Grmukhi and Shahmukhi and folk literature continues to this day. This research paper presents a research and critical review of the folk literature that adorns the magazine Ravi. |
| Keyswords: | Folk songs, Vernacular, Punjabi, Gurmukhi, Shahmukhi, English, The Ravi, Magazine |
| Pages: | 229-245 |
| Article: | 20 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)20 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)20 |
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| Abstract: | 21 Abstract The role of mosques In Islam is not only the manifestation of worship but there are evidences of religious lenience, tolerance and interfaith harmony in it. In the past, as seminaries, mosques have contributed a lot to nouriting individuals. Iqbal is reknown poet who has specifically used mosques as metaphor in his work of poetry. In Iqbal’poetry, layers of meaning are hidden in his verses and these meanings have treasure of interpretation. This research figures out that how much the mosques are helpful to create interfaith harmony, social linence and tolerance in present chaotic age as well as in character building of society fellows? This study also highlights the pivot role of mosques according to the academic and theoretical analysis. On the other hand, It will also explain that why Iqbal has used mosque as “Metaphor’’ and through this what kind of message is delivered to Muslim Ummah.It will also explained the different meanings of mosques as “ Metaphor”in the Iqbal’work of poetry |
| Keyswords: | Islam, Iqbal, Mosque, Metaphor |
| Pages: | 246-257 |
| Article: | 21 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)21 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)21 |
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| Abstract: | Such biographies which are written outside of the art of biography, become unreal and dry, that’s why it is very important to have authenticity in a good biography because it is authenticity that saves the biographer from all kind of mistakes picks up. The biographer cannot deviate from the basic concept of art while if the truth is last, the none existence and existence of the biography become equal the two biographers Shibli and Hali, who are searching for the same truth, are the soul of the this article. Before the biography of Shibli Nomani Altaf Hussain hali had opened a standard chapter of biography though his book “Hayat-e-Saadi” before maulana Hali, the character of Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W) was related to blessings and Hali’s Hayat Saadi was the first biography written in this style۔ |
| Keyswords: | Biopgraphy, Shibli, Hali, Biographers, Soul, Truth, Article |
| Pages: | 258-269 |
| Article: | 22 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)22 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)22 |
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| Abstract: | The history writing of Urdu literature is very important but is a very difficult task. Literary historian have adverted the history or Urdu literature in order to era-wise order cannot be fulfilled logically owing to movement’s genres and the area-wise division of its grading. That is why whenever we throw a glimpse over the literature history in Lucknow, we find many ambiguities in the scenario of genres, political and civilization manners which one of the best history of Urdu literature in the aspect of Lucknow school of thoughts. This answer is yet to be received Dr. Tabassum Kashmiri and Dr. Solemn Akhtar have presented the literary scenes of Lucknow in a very pretty way, but Dr. Tabassum Kashmiri has debited his views very impressively rather than others writhers. |
| Keyswords: | History, Urdu Literature, Important, Historian, Movements, Glimpse, Lucknow, Political |
| Pages: | 270-282 |
| Article: | 23 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)23 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)23 |
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| Abstract: | Mysticism is the doctrine of the Sufi saints and writer's methodology. Therefore, there is a link between literature and mysticism which helps to resolve the problems of life. Thoughts and teachings of Sufi saints and literature as source of expression of these thoughts can be uniformly viewed as becoming a subject of literature. Thought of Sufi extracts written with reference of Sufism become a source to promote the formation of peace and mutual understanding. The purpose of this exercise is to create ease for human beings by making love the base of life and to build such a world where there is no existence of racism, hatred and malice. This concept became a subject of writing for Urdu poets. Subject of my dialogue is to transpire the message of peace and respect for humanity in Urdu Ghazal by way of concepts of Sufi writings. Even a poet declares this passion to be a cure of individual and collective restlessness and discloses the need and significance of this in his poetry. This is the concept where Rumi and Iqbal became accordant of one another, the elements of this voice can be heard in the work of Bahu, Bulle shah and Bhagat Kabir. In accordance with the ultimate expansion of Urdu poetry my writings have been limited to merely Urdu Ghazal, however, in this article there is a complete and justified expression of the concept of love for humanity in classic and modern Urdu Ghazal. |
| Keyswords: | Mystic, Echoed, Love, Urdu Ghazal, Society, Soul, Humanity |
| Pages: | 283-296 |
| Article: | 24 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)24 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)24 |
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| Abstract: | From the last days of Allama Iqbal's life till now numerous litrary journals have published Iqbal Numbers. Each of jounals in its own way played a pivotal role in the development to understand the thoughts of Iqbal. By the amount of material which littrary magazines provided on Allama Iqbal, many rare books may come to the light. These magazines clarified different aspects of Iqbal's thought and vision in theri special numbers. It is because of the univque creativity of these critics and editors that all the journals and managzines do their best offer in Iqbaliat but "Naqoosh" got the basic status of Iqbal issues published in all these journals. Its just due to Muhammad tufail, who published three issues in a row with great dedication, with the addition of Narang-e-Khayal. The rare information and articles published in these issues which have become an historical document that will continue to serve as a guide for future researchers. |
| Keyswords: | Allama Iqbal, Litrary Journals, Naqoosh, Narang-e-Khayal, Muhammad Tufail, Researchers, Articles, Document |
| Pages: | 297-312 |
| Article: | 25 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)25 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)25 |
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| Abstract: | The tradition of translation in Urdu language can be seen in from its inception and translation has played an important role in the development of Urdu language. In this article the research Scholars have reviewed the translation of Qurratulain Hyder “Fate of a Man” as Aadmi ka Muqaddar (1965) in the light of the principl.es of Translation, keeping in view, the tradition of Russian translation in Urdu. The Subject of this Article is limited to the Translation of Qurrat-ul-ain Hyder because. The “less attention been paid to its translation than other works of Qurratu ul ain. It also examines the style of Translation of the Qurrat ul ain Hyder in the light of quotations from “Fate of Man”. |
| Keyswords: | Qurrat ul ain Hyder, Novel, Principles of Translation, Admi ka Muqaddar, Tradation of translation |
| Pages: | 313-327 |
| Article: | 26 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)26 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)26 |
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| Abstract: | The present study is an effort to explore the contributions of Krishan Chander about Kashmir. In his literary masterpieces, the great fictional writer of Urdu Literature saw Kashmir as a “human paradise “The study employs qualitative research method involving extensive reading of fictional works and personal observation. The paper throws light on literary journey of writer that represents a valuable accomplishment in the world of literature. |
| Keyswords: | Human, paradise, Qualitative, Extensive, Accomplishment |
| Pages: | 328-335 |
| Article: | 27 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)27 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)27 |
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| Abstract: | The history of Urdu essay is very rich. To promote this genre the efforts of Molvi Zakaullah, Master Raam chandar, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Husain Azad, Sheikh Abdul Qadir, Abul kalaam Azad, Abdul Majid Darya Abadi, Sajjad Ansari, Falak Paima, Majnoon Gorakpuri, Firaq Gorukpoori and many others could not be ignored in this regard .The female writers also wrote dozens of Urdu essays for the betterment and improvement of the social status of women. In this research paper the researchers has shed light on the efforts and contributions of women writers i.e Tayyiba Begum, Khajesta Akhtar Soheravordi, Khajest Sultana Begum, Rabia Begum, Paadshah Begum Sufi, Latif Un Nisa Begum, Qaisari Begum, Ummat ul Hameed Khanum, Ummat ul wahi, Ummat Ul karim and Ummat ul Aziz Begum for the promotion of Urdu essay. |
| Keyswords: | Urdu essay, history, women essayist, introduction, contributions, Magzines, research, criticism |
| Pages: | 336-348 |
| Article: | 28 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)28 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)28 |
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| Abstract: | Ahmed Javed has a significant place in the Urdu Fiction. He started fiction writing in the 1970’s. His writing’s gave dignity to Urdu fiction. This was the time when Pakistan was dismembered. The period of time that followed, saw negative effects on social and political values of our society. Ahmed Javed wrote in an environment of oppression and suffocation and accentuated the public sentiments in his writings. He depicted in his fiction the symbolic characters of Animals like wolf, dove, cat, mouse etc and through them symbolized the public sentiments. His impact will last for a long time in Urdu Fiction writing.This article focuses on that aspects of Ahmed Javed’s Fiction. |
| Keyswords: | Ahmed Javed, Symbolism, Short Story, Urdu Fiction, 1070, Nawazish Ali |
| Pages: | 349-357 |
| Article: | 29 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)29 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)29 |
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| Abstract: | In Urdu literature, Dr. Aslam Farkhi is a unique writer due to his creative aspects. He is a sketcher, researcher, critic, editor, columnist, playwright, novelist and letter writer. As a sketcher, he penned the culture and values associated with the personalities he wrote about. As a researcher and critic, he took Urdu research and criticism out of the realm of traditional research and criticism and introduced it to scientific and modern scientific insights. Apart from drama and fiction, as a children’s writer and columnist, he enriched all these genres with his enlightenment and knowledge |
| Keyswords: | Letter Writing, Urdu Literature, traditional research, culture, Scientific insight, enlightenment and knowledge |
| Pages: | 358-369 |
| Article: | 30 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)30 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)30 |
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| Abstract: | In this article the Sikh period has been discussed in Folk literature. In the beginning it has been described that Sikhism formally begins with Baba Guru Nanak. He was born at Talwandi, a village on the Ravi in Sharqpur. After that it has been discussed when Maharaja Ranjeet Singh occupied Lahore and expanded the boundaries of Punjabi Government during his reign. He was an open minded Raja. The people had a complete right to express their ideas. He made his enemies kill one by one. At least he passed away in 1839 after ruling 40 years. After his death, his successor became incompetent and weak. Mutual disagreement and incompetence of the army led to the downfall of Najit Singh's government. And in 1849, the British occupied the Punjab. |
| Keyswords: | Sikhism, Formally, Expended, Boundries, Successor, Incompetent, Disagreement |
| Pages: | 370-385 |
| Article: | 31 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)31 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)31 |
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| Abstract: | Among the literary circles, Jillani Kamran is best known for his robust attachment with Modern Urdu Poetry. His unusual characteristic of composing the longest poems distinguishes him from other modern Urdu poets. 'Yemen ka Shair Janoobi France Main', 'Abi Namer', 'Naqsh-e-Kaf-e-Pa' and 'Baghe-e-Dunya' are representative poems of Jillani Kamran. Naqsh-e-Kaf-e-Pa, in particular, is categorised to be a deviant poem due to its message and content. It is a poetic drama consisting of symbolic characters who represent the mental struggle of wise men living in Pakistan. The technique of personification is aptly used in it. This poem describes how our society is replete with feelings of alienation, estrangement, suffering, pain, futility, meaninglessness, emotionlessness, and helplessness conveying the milieu of modernism. Along with the subtle notes of modernity and existentialism, it depicts how the western and Islamic cultures have been intermingled. We can also trace that modern English literature finds its place in it as well. |
| Keyswords: | Jillani Kamran, alienation, estrangement, suffering, futility, meaninglessness, emotionlessness, and helplessness |
| Pages: | 386-402 |
| Article: | 32 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)32 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)32 |
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| Abstract: | Faheem Azmi's novel "Janam Kundle" appeared on literary horizon in 1984. This era is of experiences in genre of novel. Below the title of novel, the novelist has written "An Empirical Novel". The novelist presented an individual's civilization as pancultural and international civilization in "Janam Kundle". He unveiled hypocrisy, ostentation, disappointment and decline of the world through this character. Having conducted research on stylistic, form and story of "Janam Kundle" is study in hand, it has been strived to explore those opportunities which gave birth probabilities of antinovel within the novel. |
| Keyswords: | Faheem Azmi, Janam Kundle, Horizon, Empirical Novel, Antinovel |
| Pages: | 403-411 |
| Article: | 33 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)33 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)33 |
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| Abstract: | Mysticism is a reformatory movement which works as a universal voice against the idols of prejudice and narrow-mindedness, simultaneously, at the betterment of humanity. A mystic negates a life of pretention, ostentation, sectarianism and religious narrow-mindedness whereas upholds the cause of love, tolerance simplicity and reality so that human life may flourish in a natural way. Mystic always prefers self control and inner purification to the material progress and bodily comforts and thus invites humanly to think of its highest status. He breaks the chains of colour race and religion and thus twists individuals into a thread of humanity the bond of love. Same applies to Shah Hussain, being a scholar and sufi of high rank. He spent much of his life in prayer and meditation. The first step upon the ladder of mysticism is FINNA-FI-ILSHEIKH. The study of the literary works by Shah Hussain reveals that he easily surmounts the first step, FINNA-FI-ILSHEIKH to the last upon the ladder of mysticism.In this research article, ameak attempt has been made reveal a variety of mystic colours found in the poetry of Shah Hussain. |
| Keyswords: | Mysticism, Poetry, Shah Hussain, Literary Surmounts |
| Pages: | 412-422 |
| Article: | 34 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)34 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)34 |
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| Abstract: | Intizar Hussain was a patriotic writer. Love for Pakistan was a key reference in his creative thinking. He has given prominence to his patriotism in his fictions that most of his characters were immigrants who were wandering in search of their cultural identity. They also remember the land they left behind and are busy building a relationship with the new land. But the law-and-order situation in Pakistan, chaos, riots, rallies and political instability was also a cause of concern for them. The tragedy was that the local people could not establish a Jewish-Christian brotherhood with the refugees. Thus, the Holy Land remained different from the world of their dreams and hopes. This is the problem of Intizar Hussain and his characters. |
| Keyswords: | Pakistaniat, Intizar Hussain, Fiction, Short Stories, Literature |
| Pages: | 423-435 |
| Article: | 35 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)35 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)35 |
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| Abstract: | The dawn of Urdu literature occurred in Khybar Pakhtunkhwa before 20th century but the first four decades of the 20th century have been termed as the golden age of Urdu literature in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa .literary geniuses of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa attempted their best geniuses in all literary genres of Urdu literature and the region. They fully portrayed the cultural, civilizational, religious, social, economic and political conditions of the region. They attracted the attention of the world to this region through depicting living conditions in their writings and literary crafts. Writers of the region created literary crafts in all aspects of literature. The genra of fiction (short story) appeared on the scene in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in the second decade of the 20th century. Fiction writers of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa burnt their midnight oil to create master pieces in fiction and pave the way for the future generations of fiction writers. Through these efforts, writers have based their writings on their environment and social life with its adjoining ebb and flow. |
| Keyswords: | Urdu, literature, cultural, civilization, religion, social, economic, fiction, writers |
| Pages: | 436-448 |
| Article: | 36 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)36 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)36 |
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| Abstract: | Feminism is a movement, which deals with freedom of women and also demand for the equal rights of women as like men. Although this movement properly started from western countries, but if we study the literature of south Asia which stablished after 1857, That we also can say that “New colonialism literature” that literature focused on the education and tractability of women for the sake of advancement and prosperity of the society of Hindustan. This succession is come out as a movement and Altaf Hussain Hali was one of providence of it. Hali was very much impressed from the advancement of English nation and searched out the secretes of their success, and he got the result that the modern education should be common in the society and education of women is very essential for advancement because an educated men just educate himself but an educated women provides a strong base for family or nation. Hali utilized different kind of literature species to spread his observation and thought, he wrote so many verses and a novel. Although the purpose of these written creativity to express his patriotism and nationalism but the actual purpose of that task was to empower the women of that society. He wanted that women get equal rights as like men in the society and get modern education to empower themselves. Because of that reason we can say Hali is a stand barrier for movement of feminism in Hindustan |
| Keyswords: | Feminism, Movement, New Colonialism, Providence, Advancement, Patriotism, Nation, Nationalism |
| Pages: | 449-460 |
| Article: | 37 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)37 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)37 |
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| Abstract: | Ghalib’s mind is an innovative mind. Is Ghalib’s complete poetry compatible with innovation? If we study other great poets, they have become great in Urdu literature because of a single point of view or a few characteristics, but even if Ghalib has a regular philosophy. Or there was no theory, yet his complete speech, apart from the tradition, enlightens us with new topics and experiences. The whole of India is speaking in his speech. In this context, he is also familiar with the spirit of universalism and has proved that his speech is different from the traditional topics in his speech. Immortalized for us. |
| Keyswords: | Ghalib, Innovative mind, Urdu, Characteristics, Philosophy |
| Pages: | 461-476 |
| Article: | 38 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)38 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)38 |
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| Abstract: | The objective of this article is to introduce Munshi Debi Parshad Shar Badayuni a poet of Classical period (1600-1900) who could not come on screen for the lovers of literature. In this article, a brief story of the life of Sahar Badayuni has been presented. Unfortunately, no research work has been made such a tremendous poet of classic era. This article is a little biography of Sehar Badayuni. |
| Keyswords: | Introduction, Classical period, Biography, Research Work |
| Pages: | 477-488 |
| Article: | 39 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)39 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)39 |
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| Abstract: | A tourist comes in contact with some of the people he has to meet and talk directly with. Through a travelogue, we can carefully review the social and social aspects of a country. And in a travelogue at home, we get to know about the inhabitants of a country. The name of Zahoor Ahmed Awan is considered among the best travel writers and he has done this work very well. Be it Begum Akhtar Riazuddin or Mumtaz Mufti, they continue to provide us with the best information about Japan and Hajj. |
| Keyswords: | Zahoor Ahmad Awan, Characterization, Begum Akhtar Riazuddin, Mumtaz Mufti, Japan, Hajj |
| Pages: | 489-497 |
| Article: | 40 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)40 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)40 |
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| Abstract: | Both Changezi and Khatir Afridi are well known poets of Pashto and Urdu literature respectively. Both these poets have a strong conviction on the day of judgement.It is just because of this concept that in the poetry of these poets, we always find the belief about life and death. Both Changezi and Khatir Afridi give away due significance to the worldly life, however, they share a common belief that life stands as a trust to death. They are involved in the intricasies of life but merely spending life does not seem a good ploy to them rather they urge their readers to yield something great through endeavours and spirit of adventure. |
| Keyswords: | Conviction, Judgment, Belief, Significance, Endeavors, Spirit, Adventure, Wrdly life, Yield, Life, Death |
| Pages: | 498-504 |
| Article: | 41 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)41 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)41 |
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| Abstract: | Both Hafiz Al-Puri and Dr Rahat Indori were prominent sources of their time. Their poetry is a model of contentment. Their poetry will always be emphasized in terms of fulfillment of thoughts and wisdom. In their poetry a distinct religious aspect was always found. Both of them are satisfied with their words. Both are true Muslims. Poetry for both of them has also been used as words for preaching. They succeeded in their goals to a great extent. Dr Rahat Indoor and Hafiz feel a sense of acceptance. Both of them have adopted a metaphysical approach in their poetry. |
| Keyswords: | Establish, Preaching, Fulfillment, Contentment, Distinct, Succeed, Feel, Relationship, Emphasized, Aspect |
| Pages: | 505-517 |
| Article: | 42 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)42 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)42 |
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| Abstract: | Intizar Hussain, has expressed his memories in his novels, short stories, columns, interviews, and other editorials. However, he has carefully compiled his notes into two books. The first book, "Chiraghon Ka Dhuan", was published in 1998. It narrates the fifty years of his journalistic life in Pakistan. While, the second book titled "Justaju Kya Hai?" was published in 2011. In this book, Intizar Hussain remembered his childhood, youth, old age memories, and literary life. This article compares and critically analyzes the common and diverse memories present in both of Intizar Hussain's books. |
| Keyswords: | Memoirs, Nostalgia, Narratives, Journalistic Life, Coffee House, Tea House, Pakistan Writers Guild, Thinkers Forum, Academy of Letters |
| Pages: | 518-531 |
| Article: | 43 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)43 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)43 |
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| Abstract: | Javed Ahmed is a popular Urdu poet in Pakistani literature. He belongs to Sorr Tehsil Kahoota Disrict Rawalpindi. His Father’s name was Muhammad Iqbal who was attached with the Royal Indian Navy before the partition of India and Pakistan. After getting his early education Javed Ahmed went to Lala Moussa to get admission in college but could not completed his further education as he was enlisted in the Pakistan Army. Later on he passed his B.A as a private candidate from University of Karachi. His Literary journey is further continuous as prominent poet as well. |
| Keyswords: | Javed Ahmed, Pakistani literature, Sorry, Tehsil Kahoota, Disrict Rawalpindi, Lala Moussa, Muhammad Iqbal, Pakistan Army, B.A, University of Karachi |
| Pages: | 532-541 |
| Article: | 44 , Volume 2 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)44 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-II)44 |
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