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| Abstract: | Every writer, belonging to Islamic culture, takes hymn writing as religious obligation. Folk literature which reflects the moral, cultural and social norms of the nations reflects the various tapestries of hymns to Allah. We find such traditions rampant in every genre such as Lori, tappa, boli, dhola, mahia etc. and in every local language such as Brahvi, Sindhi, Kashmiri, Balochi, Punjabi, Khawar, Torali. This article presents the tradition of hymn writing in the major languages of Pakistan. Inspite of having geographical and social differences, the obligation of hymn writing is a shared value. Such an idea, that dates back to antiquity provides a logical unity of the nation, even in contemporaneity |
| Keyswords: | Islamic Culture, Religious, Literature, Moral, Folk Literature |
| Pages: | 1-26 |
| Article: | 1 , Volume 2 , Issue 1 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)1 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)1 |
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| Abstract: | In this article the writer has discussed the war of independence1857 in Punjabi folk literature .In the beginning of the article the writer has told that East India company occupied punjab in 1849 .There were two purposes before company. To restore law and order and to generate revenew easily. This gave birth to rebellion because the local people had hatred against the policies of British.Roy Ahmad Khan Kharral was famous for his bravery in Gogaira at that time.He considered British as usurp.In 1857 the Joiya tribe refused to give land tax .On this the British arrested many persons of Joiya tribe. Roy Ahmad Khan Kharral got prisoners released after mounting pressure on Deputy Commissioner. The freedom fighters like Murad Fityana and Sarang also stood by Roy Ahmad Khan Kharral in the war of independence |
| Keyswords: | War, Independence, Punjabi, Folk, East India Company, Punjab, Law and Order, British |
| Pages: | 27-36 |
| Article: | 2 , Volume 2 , Issue 1 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)2 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)2 |
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| Abstract: | If Iqbal's poetry is thoroughly reviewed by both Urdu and Persian, it would seem that Iqbal teaches mankind to move forward in general and Muslim in particular, to understand life. The main purpose of any human being is to observe his surroundings and then to find the key to his success for the future. In Iqbal's poetry, all the metaphors, symbols , Shaheen, Mard e Momin, Aql o Khirad and Khudi and philosophy should be assembled at one point and we see this point as a particularly, It is believed that Iqbal teaches man only and only activity |
| Keyswords: | Iqbal, Poetry, Urdu, Persian, Mankind, Muslim, Life, Metaphors, Shaheen, Mard e Momin, Philosophy |
| Pages: | 37-44 |
| Article: | 3 , Volume 2 , Issue 1 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)3 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)3 |
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| Abstract: | In view of the scientific studies of present age, Literature holds a unique status in scientific studies also a part of “ecology". My article is a study of the impact of different branches of ecological knowledge on Literature. My objective through this article is to highlight the exceptional characteristic and importance of literature and ecological studies as well as their relationship .The important fact which have revealed as a result of this research work is that literature and ecological knowledge are not aliens .The study shows that they are not inferior or superior to each other but are placed side by side just like members of one family or rays flowing from same source which is human being. Ecological knowledge is revolving around this source in a circle and the rays running there from absorbs in literature and so after getting fresh energy again becomes a part of circle revolving around the source. It is being discussed that literature and ecological knowledge are interlinked and are stepping ahead side by side. |
| Keyswords: | Literature, Scientific, Exceptional, Importance, Ecological, Inferior, Superior |
| Pages: | 45- 58 |
| Article: | 4 , Volume 2 , Issue 1 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)4 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)4 |
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| Abstract: | The term "Magical realism" is used for “Jadowi Haqiqat” in Urdu Novel. Magical realism is a modern technique in novel writing, used initially by Hawan Ralpho in his Novels. Afterwards Gabriel Garcia also used this technique in his novels in “Hundred Years of Solitude”. Whereas in Urdu literature Qurah tul Ainn Haider Mirza, Ather Baig, Dr. Muhammad Ahsen Farooqi , Shamas ur Rehman Farooqi, Mustanser Hussain Tarrar, Akhtar Raza Saleemi and Syed Kashif Raza also used this term in their respective Fictional Works. Keeping in view of Aristotle, he also considered it an effective method to present one's narrative dimensions in fiction. The Fiction writing style has been changed up to the establishment of Pakistan as the structure of social and political changes occur, so for the writing conventions/ dimensions in prose necessarily be changed. The change in writing style also provided new writing conventions and dimensions in proses literary works. Else that the international raise also provided thoughts and works techniques in the subcontinent, the Inner matters and new emerging trends in prose writing, are the major themes of modern novels. |
| Keyswords: | Universality, Literature, Sublimation, Imagery, Imagination, Realism, Social Realism, Climax |
| Pages: | 59- 75 |
| Article: | 5 , Volume 2 , Issue 1 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)5 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)5 |
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| Abstract: | This paper delves into the profound influences of the Quran on the poetic and intellectual ability of Allama Muhammad Iqbal. Through careful analysis, it explores how Iqbal masterfully incorporated Quranic principles and ideas into his literary and philosophical compositions, thereby enriching his work with profound depth and meaning. By examining key aspects of Iqbal’s poetry and intellectual discourse, this study illuminates the intricate ways in which Quranic teachings shaped his creative expression and ideological outlook. Through a thorough examination of primary sources and scholarly insights, this article aims to provide a inclusive understanding of Iqbal’s engagement with Quranic themes, highlighting the thoughtful resonance between his poetic vision and the everlasting wisdom of the Quran. |
| Keyswords: | Quranic Influences, Poetry, Intellectual Mastery, Symbols, Verses, Egoism |
| Pages: | 76-89 |
| Article: | 6 , Volume 2 , Issue 1 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)6 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)6 |
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| Abstract: | The 60's generally brought to the fore the different angles and experiences of symbolic technique. Which broke the framework of fiction and gave it an experimental level and turned it into a journey from the outside to the inside. Symbolism, modern fiction written under the influence of symbolism was actually under the influence of a new poem which was influenced by modernity under the influence of Marxist, aesthetic and psychological tendencies. The new poem was a form of expression. He also added foreign and symbolic stains to the fictions. Thus, the styles and experiences of the new poems of the sixties seem to be a part of modern Urdu fiction. |
| Keyswords: | Style, Modernity, Psychological Psychology, Freedom of Thought, Abstraction, Symbolic Indicative Style, Imagery, Flexibility, Illustration, Traditional Deviation |
| Pages: | 90-108 |
| Article: | 7 , Volume 2 , Issue 1 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)7 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)7 |
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| Abstract: | John Elia is considered as brilliant and popular Urdu Poet. His extraordinary personality and popularity has served him an important place among the legends of the fraternity. His poetry is easily understood the masses as compare to his complex personality. He belonged to a very great literary family. He has tremendous command over Urdu, Persian, Arabic, English and also some grasp of Greek language. He had deep knowledge of philosophy and history. The materialistic life was bad as compare to his intuitive domain. He was an average looking person. He was dissatisfied, egoistic, hopeless and sensitive person. He represents psychological problems in his poetry. He camouflages his weaknesses and depravity with a sense of domination in works |
| Keyswords: | Complex Personality, Dissatisfied, Egoistic, Sensitive, Narcissism, Superiority Complex, Inferiority Complex |
| Pages: | 109-116 |
| Article: | 8 , Volume 2 , Issue 1 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)8 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)8 |
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| Abstract: | The meaning of the Punjabi words five, Five more meaning of water of the Rivers. As if Punjab meant Land of Five Rivers, Narrator Chenab, Beas, Sutlej and the land of Jhelum. Punjab was named mention of these five rivers of Punjab also found in Rig Veda. Ten thousand years in the Indus Valley. Harappa is a historical place of Punjab. Punjab has been divided into five times: i) Bald Bar, ii) Sandal Bar, iii) Gondal Bar, iv) Hard Bar, v) Blue Bar. Bar literally means forest between the Sutlej and Ravi rivers. Albcities towns and villages. The area of the blue bar is called Blue bar of specific region, historical, political history reflects civilization and Islamic trends. The area between the Sutlej and Ravi rivers. They are green and lush. Because of the Blue Waters of the Sutlej river the area was named Blue Bar Ghazal is a reliable genre if Urdu Ghazal of Urdu poetry synonymous so it will not be necessary. Moulvi Noorul Hassan in Noor-ul-Lughaat. He writes about Ghazlas the literal meaning of ghazal is to talk to women in terms of those poems whose beauty and love carpentry and parting taste of desire Ja mine Madness etc., Somewhere about love the representative poets of the Blue Bar, will be mentioned in this article, among them are selected poets of Okara Zafar Iqbal, Masood Okarvi among the selected poets of Sahiwal Syed Naveed, Haider Hashmi, Iftikhar Shafi , among the selected poets of Pak Pattan Sharif Sayed Younas Mateen, Among the selected poets of Vehari Fartash Syed, Zaeem Rasheed. |
| Keyswords: | Poets, Punjabi, Rivers, Historical, Blue Bar, Region, Ghazal |
| Pages: | 117-128 |
| Article: | 9 , Volume 2 , Issue 1 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)9 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)9 |
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| Abstract: | In the colonial era, patriotic sentiments were evident in the poetry of Iqbal. Thus, in the colonial era, Iqbal's poetry played a key role in promoting patriotic sentiments and feelings. He created most of the political poems in the colonial context and also fully supported communism. In the context of the colonial era, Iqbal made the rise and fall of the nation the subject and adopted the method of teaching and preaching. Iqbal kept on complaining about the plight of Muslims throughout his life. Iqbal's personality was individually influenced by political slavery. He represented the nation which was bound in chains of slavery. On the colonial and political circumstances of subcontinent, Iqbal gave a strict response and made the visions of integral Muslim world his mission. |
| Keyswords: | Colonialism, Subcontinent, British Ruler, Colonial Context, Imperialism, Freedom from slavery, British Company, Iqbal's philosophy, Slavery of the subcontinent, Colonial system |
| Pages: | 129-149 |
| Article: | 10 , Volume 2 , Issue 1 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)10 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)10 |
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| Abstract: | Sir Syed Ahmed Khan is considered as an important personality among reformers known in Urdu literature and history of Pakistan. He played a major role in enhancing /promoting academic, political, social and literary capacity of Muslims of subcontinent. All his services in the aforementioned sectors were based on principles and ideology consequence of a specific philosophic mental approach. It has been intended in my present article to establish that Sir Syed was also a philosopher .The other aspects of his personality superseded his recognition as a philosopher, but it did not effect his prominence as a philosopher .Sir syed followed the philosophical thoughts of Imam Ghazali to the effect that philosophy is not separate from religion and rather religion is the nucleus of philosophy .Sir syed's approach was as such that Islam is not different from nature .He was a preacher of human progress on the basis of the said philosophical mind. |
| Keyswords: | Personality, Reformers, Literature and History, Promoting, Philosophic |
| Pages: | 150-161 |
| Article: | 11 , Volume 2 , Issue 1 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)11 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)11 |
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| Abstract: | The literal meaning of Ecology is surrounding it means all the things that effect the living beings. It is called Ecology.In fact, the study of Ecology comprises of the study of Biology, Mathematics, Geology, Geography, History, Economics, Fine Arts, Geological Science Water study.Through the study of ecology, we become aware of all the characteristics, processes, elements, qualities and weaknesses of our surroundings. As the world makes progress in the field of scientific technology, the industrial advancement and intensity of seasons, water pollution atomic explosions and the depletion of the ozone layer are such activities/processes which have made a negative impact on the ecology.The Earth becomes useless with natural disasters such as famine, earthquakes, floods and heavy rainfalls.These Ecology course has not brought about changes on the earth heavens, atmosphere and rivers in the present times only, but have been active since ancient times. For instance, the people of HazratSalehwere destroyed because of an earthquake, the prophet looth’s people were destroyed by stones, and the people of HazratNooh were met with destruction by a severe black storm.Ecology changes not only effect the earth, atmosphere or rivers etc., but they make a deep effect on the human behavior.Besides debates, demonstrations and rallies, newspapers and magazines, posters books, media and literature is an effective source of giving environmental awareness.Our story writers have given attention to the effects brought about on human behavior due to the intensity of seasons, famine struck earth and atomic explosions and have made it a theme for their short stories |
| Keyswords: | Short Story, Ecology, Geological Science, Atomic Explosions, Earthquake |
| Pages: | 162-175 |
| Article: | 12 , Volume 2 , Issue 1 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)12 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)12 |
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| Abstract: | Shaukat Mahmood Shaukat (Nov 03, 1967) is a renowned poet, critic and researcher. He wrote more than half dozen books related to poetry and research. “Raqs-e-Sharar” is one of his valuable poetry books. It is amazing to view some glimpses of the style and the thoughts of Ghalib in the different verses of “Raqs-e-Sharar”. In this article, comparison of both the poets has been carried out through examples and illustrations, which are taken by their poet. |
| Keyswords: | Ghalib, Shaukat, Poetry, Raqs-e-Sharar, Style, Thoughts, Verses and Examples |
| Pages: | 176-184 |
| Article: | 13 , Volume 2 , Issue 1 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)13 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)13 |
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| Abstract: | Literature is called the criticism of life and it plays important role in shaping the ideas and thoughts of masses. There are different branches of literature and prisoner literature is also branch of literature. When someone punished by Government and put behind the walls of prison, the literature produced in prison is called prisoner literature. Association between military persons and literature has always been very strong and acknowledged in all periods. Pakistan army produces great minds. Armed life is considered as the life of struggle and thrill. The Pakistan army’s writers have a great contribution in Urdu literature. They have a great work in Urdu prose and poetry .When Pakistan army’s writers and poets are imprisoned, they produce unique and great prisoner literature. The services of prisoner’s writers of Pakistan army regarding prisoner literature are highly commendable. In this article some prisoner personalities of Pakistan army and review of their prisoner writings is presented. |
| Keyswords: | Pakistan Army, Prisoner literature, Army’s Writers, Imprisoned, Contribution, Commendable, Criticism |
| Pages: | 185-202 |
| Article: | 14 , Volume 2 , Issue 1 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)14 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)14 |
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| Abstract: | Shoukat siddiqui is a renowned and authentic author in Urdu novel writing. He has not only shown his mastery in novel writing but has also succeeded in proving skillfulness in fiction writing. Shoukat Siddiqui created bulky novel Chardewari which is unique example of Lakhnawi culture. The whole panorama of Chardewari is artistic narration of elite class's customs, mannerism, generosity, attitudes, social and economic circumstances, their devotion and attitudes towards religion, problems of contemporary age as well as ability to understand their latent faculties. Each and every character of novel represents specific language, civilization and culture of its epoch |
| Keyswords: | Shoukat Siddiqui, Chardewari, Lakhnawi Culture, Significance |
| Pages: | 203-218 |
| Article: | 15 , Volume 2 , Issue 1 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)15 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)15 |
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| Abstract: | Urdu ghazal orignates from Arabic to persion and from persion to Urdu .It started from introduction of Arabic Qaseedah. There was no ghazal in Arabic but tashbeeb. Romantic tashbeeb was called ghazal. The very first ghazal which is known in Urdu is by Ameer Khusru .Quli Qutab shah, wali dakni, Shah Hati, Abroo, Sirajuddin, Arzoo, Shakir Naji are important among classics. The golden period of Urdu ghazal include Meer Taqi Meer, Souda, Dard, Meer Soz and Qaim Chand Puri. Ghalib and Momin, Hali and Iqbal are Milestones of Urdu ghazal |
| Keyswords: | Urdu Ghazal, Ameer Khusro, Wali Duckani, Kuli Kutab Shah, Concept of Beloved, Misticism, Ghalib, Iqbal |
| Pages: | 219-231 |
| Article: | 16 , Volume 2 , Issue 1 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)16 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)16 |
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| Abstract: | The magazine “Ravi” is very popular annual magazine of Government College Lahore, which is continuously publishing up to date. In the beginning its medium of expression was English. From January 1910 and October 1911 started in Punjabi and Urdu languages respectively. The collective issue of December 1922 and January 1923 started the Vernacular section which lasted till the emergence of Pakistan. Due to the beginning of Vernacular section the regular editorial ship of Urdu and Punjabi (Persian Script) started under which the printing of Punjabi (Gurumukhi) and Hindi became possible. In this way the three Vernacular languages i.e. Hindi, Punjabi and Urdu have been publishing simultaneously. This step facilitated the development of the literature of these three languages. In this article the beginning, development (Evolution) and objectives of the Vernacular section have been discussed to understand the pivotal role of the historical magazine “Ravi” for the development of important languages of the Indian Subcontinent. |
| Keyswords: | Government College, Lahore, Ravi, Magazine, Vernacular Section, Languages English, Urdu, Hindi, Punjabi, Gurumukhi, Persian script |
| Pages: | 232-242 |
| Article: | 17 , Volume 2 , Issue 1 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)17 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)17 |
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| Abstract: | Idealism in literature of any language is like dreamful thinking by such authors who have a keen desire to change their societies. To create some strong ideal characters whom thoughts, talks and actions are superb, appreciable, quotable and acceptable for their readership. The characters having basic importance to proceed the story or "Qissah" in fiction particularly novel and short story. The novel "Talash-e-Baharan" by Jamila Hashmi is a beautiful effort to beautify the Indo-Pak society. Her unique feminine character Kanwal Kumari Thakur is good example of idealism. The author of this article studied this character and tried to prove his views analyzing this main and strong character of Kanwal Kumari Thakur. |
| Keyswords: | Urdu Literature, Novel, Idealism, characters, Talash-e-Baharanm, Jamila Hashmi, Kanwal Kumari Thakur |
| Pages: | 243-251 |
| Article: | 18 , Volume 2 , Issue 1 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)18 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)18 |
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| Abstract: | Word Feminism means a movement that emphasizes the establishment of political, social and economic equality between men and women. In the present era, feminism has become an important and broad topic. Much has been written on this in Urdu literature. Speaking of the establishment of Pakistan, even then there was no formal association or movement for women's liberation and their rights. The movements that were prevalent among Hindu women were only for Hindu women. However, Islam gives women their basic rights. In the article under review, how is the woman mentioned in Kishwar Naheed's autobiography "The Story of a Bad Woman"? Since Kishwar Naheed is a fearless writer, she has eloquently mentioned a woman in her biography. In this article, the glimpse of Kishwar Naheed's femininity in her biography has been clarified. |
| Keyswords: | Feminism, Emphasize, Prevalent, Economic Equality, Formal Association, Glimpse, fearless writer, biography, clarified |
| Pages: | 252-261 |
| Article: | 19 , Volume 2 , Issue 1 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)19 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)19 |
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| Abstract: | Research is the name of such effort that starts from search and leads to attestation as well as exploration of knowledge. Besides enhancing knowledge, research is the basic necessity of a living society at each and every stage of life. Every research includes a part of written script at a specific time. Research based on written. Script or documentation is also called historical research. Documental research is a combination of stored information of the past and scientific method. This type of research is used to discover the background of all present difficulties regarding education or the facts about it. With respect to time, it is known as a research of past perspectives. Especially, the problems regarding language and literature depend upon historical research. In this article an attempt has been made to throw light on different stages, meaning and importance of documentary research. |
| Keyswords: | Attestation, Exploration, Enhancing, Nesessity, Combination, Documental, Perspectives |
| Pages: | 262-276 |
| Article: | 20 , Volume 2 , Issue 1 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)20 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)20 |
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| Abstract: | When there is the supremacy of materialism and war of power, man becomes the traveler of that path where there are wells but dried. Where when someone opens his mouth to speak, is trampled upon under the heavy boots like obnoxious insects. Where there are demons of power in the inns of travel, words become meaningless. The poetry of Akhter Jaffery is the creation of a man who is very sensitive. He is alive in a particular era which is not less than Black Sea. That is why, his poetry presents three levels at one and the same time – sensitive, metaphysical and rational which creates in his poetry a specific kind of symbolism. When this political, social and cultural decline and annihilation becomes a triangle, the poetry of Akhter Hussain become a mirror where anyone can see his reflection. Cultural critique and historicism find new meanings from these hidden cultural symbols. So, most of his poems have symbolic meaning which sometime confuse the readers and sometime emerge as an obscure reality but it’s neither vague nor contradictory and his poetry certainly contains metaphorical signs of sufferings and hardships. |
| Keyswords: | Modern Urdu Poem, Funoon, Akhtar Hussain Jaffri, Style, Symbol, Technique, Spirituality |
| Pages: | 277-288 |
| Article: | 21 , Volume 2 , Issue 1 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)21 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)21 |
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| Abstract: | The Contribution of Mujallah "SUFI" in the Tradition and evolution of Urdu Literature is commendable. This paper covers the multidimensional role of Mujallah "SUFI" for literature, Sufism and educational uplift at large scale. Mujallah "SUFI" was started by Sufi Muhammad Din Awan from Pindi Bahauddin District Gujrat in 1909. This organ vehemently repudiated the fake practices of so-called Tasawwuf. It regularly published writings both from the Muslims and non-Muslims circle writers. The most eminent poets and writers of the sub-continent contributed for it. Among those, for example the renowned poets like Hali, Josh, Hasrat Mohani, Taloke Chand Mehroom were included. Allama Muhammad Iqbal, and Khawja Hassan Nizami, honorably awarded appreciation letters to this Mujallah. Sorrowfully, its publications came across stoppage in 1940. However, it profoundly provided the foundation for the future-leading literati from Mandi Bahauddin District. The fertile origin and broad base of Urdu literary tradition is indebted to "SUFI" Mujallah. |
| Keyswords: | Educational, Vehemently, repudiated, practices, contributed, appreciation, profoundly, fertile, tradition, indebted |
| Pages: | 289-303 |
| Article: | 22 , Volume 2 , Issue 1 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)22 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)22 |
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| Abstract: | Idioms are specifically important in any language of the world because they give us a new creative way to express our view and to speak fluently. Unfortunately the new learners of Urdu language don’t know about the authentic definition of Idioms and its usage and meaning in their specific context. In this research paper the researchers have shed light on the nature, combination, types and usage of Urdu Proverbs. |
| Keyswords: | Idiom, definition, types, misconceptions, examples, analysis |
| Pages: | 304-312 |
| Article: | 23 , Volume 2 , Issue 1 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)23 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)23 |
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| Abstract: | Karachi has always enjoyed the status of being the central city of Indus Valley Civilization. It is home to the heritage of the civilizations of Mohenjo-Daro, Harappa and Kot Deji which reflects its antiquity. That’s why, the foreign invaders have been invading it. The Aryan, Muhammad Bin Qasim, The Mughals and The English have ruled this city. Then, post partition settlement of migrants and overpopulation gave rise to those issues in Karachi which continue to plague it even today. Fahmeeda Riaz’s Novel, “Karachi” indicates those challenges. This novel may well be regarded as an Elegy of Karachi. |
| Keyswords: | Karachi, Indus valley civilization, Fahmeed Riaz, Novel, issues |
| Pages: | 313-322 |
| Article: | 24 , Volume 2 , Issue 1 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)24 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)24 |
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| Abstract: | Jillani Kamran is known as a representative poet of Modern Urdu Poetry due to his long poems. His Poems 'Yemen ka Shair Janoobii France Main', 'Abe namer', 'Naqsh-e-Kaf-e-Pa' and 'Baghe-e-Dunya' are considered very important as they explicitly portray the significant elements of Islamic culture and civilization. His longest poem 'Bagh-e-Dunya' sees the revolution of Iran as a symbolic event that can be considered the revival (renaissance) of Islam if modern thought can be utilised in the Islamic world to achieve revolutionary changes. This poem contains the essence of all the events that occurred on a national and international level; they include modernism, existentialism, loneliness, individual struggle, the ethos of Islamic and western societies and cultures, and the dominance of western civilization. Moreover, Bagh-e-Dunya vibrantly depicts various scenarios, colours, and tastes of our life and world that are rooted in the thoughts of Islamic culture and civilization |
| Keyswords: | Jillani Kamran, Bagh-e-Dunya, modernism, renaissance, revival, existentialism, loneliness |
| Pages: | 323-349 |
| Article: | 25 , Volume 2 , Issue 1 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)25 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)25 |
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| Abstract: | Poet and novelist Fazal Ahmad Karim Fazli was born on November 4, 1906 in Bahraich (Uttar Pradesh) and died on December 17, 1981 in Karachi. Educated at Allahabad and Oxford University. He held many important government posts in Bengal. After partition, he came to Pakistan and served as the Secretary, Department of Education, Government of East Pakistan. For some time he was also the Secretary of the Ministry of Kashmir Affairs. After retiring, Fazli made several films in Karachi. In 1951, at the invitation of the US government, he lectured as a guest lecturer in various US universities. "Until Blood and Liver" and "Until Magic" are his novels which made him famous but Fazli worked in both poetry and prose genres. His poetry collections Naghma Zindagi and Chashma Ghazal were published. He also recited a large number of poems on national and national themes. Fazli is a respected name in ghazal. In his ghazals, there are good examples of expressions of joy, sorrow, sadness, delicate symbols and allusions of love and emotions. This article is about his poetry. |
| Keyswords: | Fazal Ahmad Karim Fazli, Urdu Poet, Urdu Poetry |
| Pages: | 350-366 |
| Article: | 26 , Volume 2 , Issue 1 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)26 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)26 |
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| Abstract: | Basic Linguistic debates in Urdu Language are found in form of books, grammar books and dictionaries. These books were written in view of teaching requirements. Its writers and compilers were from local scholars and European orientalists. Overviewing new linguistic discussions in this article, it has been deduced that least work was done in research and no benefit has been taken from new linguistic techniques. |
| Keyswords: | Basic, Debates, Grammar, Books, Orientalists, Techniques |
| Pages: | 367-375 |
| Article: | 27 , Volume 2 , Issue 1 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)27 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)27 |
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| Abstract: | Urdu fiction has been written in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa since the beginning of 20th century, when the progressive movement started. The problems of this region were different from other parts of India and the exploitative class here was not the same as in the rest of the world so the progressive resistance of this region was slightly different. Humanitarian, Socio-Economic Political Exploitation has been a leading interest of progressives in literature. This research paper analyzes the trends and developments that have been expressed by fiction writers. |
| Keyswords: | progressive movement, fiction, Urdu, literature, trends, resistance |
| Pages: | 376-388 |
| Article: | 28 , Volume 2 , Issue 1 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)28 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)28 |
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| Abstract: | Urdu Fiction has Varies types ie. Dastaan , Novel , Short story and Drama. Short story in Urdu is derived from West.1st writer of Urdu Short story is Rashid ul Khairi.Since then short story have made several shapes.in them Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi right of Allah are widely propagated. He has emphasized the fulfillment of off Allah orders and worship, because by following these prayers and Allah orders, we can become the cause of the pleasure and satisfaction of the Lord of the Universe. In the short stories of Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi , there is a good mention of the rights of Allah. This Lesson is found in many of his short stories. There are discussed many Urdu short story writers whoes have Islamic values in their stories. The Present paper is written in this context. |
| Keyswords: | Urdu Fiction ,Dastaan, Novel , Short story, Drama, Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi, Allah, Worship, Short Stories, Universe, islamic values |
| Pages: | 389-400 |
| Article: | 29 , Volume 2 , Issue 1 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)29 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)29 |
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| Abstract: | Humor and Satire of Rashid Ahmad Siddiqui play very important role in Urdu literature. His two books MAZAMEEN-E-RASHEED and KHANDAN are full of humor and satire. His target of satire is not individuals but customs and manners of society. He criticize the characters as a humor as they deal with customs and manners of particular society. His themes are very deep, innovative and of various kinds. His themes include CHARPAI, WAKEEL, BABU, RAIL KA SAFAR, DEHATI DOCTOR, SHAER and EELECTION. In his essays he portrays the deep and actual pictures of life. This article focuses on his victims of satire. |
| Keyswords: | Rashid Ahmad Siddiqui, Mazameen-E-Rasheed, Khandan, Society, Wakeel, Babu, Rail Ka Safar, Dehati Doctor, Shaer , Eelection |
| Pages: | 401-412 |
| Article: | 30 , Volume 2 , Issue 1 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)30 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)30 |
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| Abstract: | Literature is always helpful in understanding the changes in any society. Social situations and events are reflected in literature. A writer is a representative of his era. Sumaira Sharif Toor is a renowned contemporary novelist who has deep social consciousness. The themes of her novels are related to every aspect of human life. Feudal system, class conflict, social corruption, exploitation of middle class, emotional and spiritual exploitation of women are included. In this article we have analyzed the contribution of Sumaira Sharif Toor,s novel "ٹوٹا ہوا تارا " in creating social consciousness in the society. |
| Keyswords: | Exploitation of women, struggle, social evils, corruption, Social consciousness, Class conflict |
| Pages: | 413-425 |
| Article: | 31 , Volume 2 , Issue 1 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)31 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)31 |
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| Abstract: | Prem Chand is the best short story writer of Urdu. For some time he was also considered as the first fiction writer of Urdu. After further research, Rashidul Khairi was considered to be the first fiction writer of Urdu. "Kafan" is considered a short story written by Prem Chand. Prem Chand has played a few characters in it. The present article presents a psychological study of these characters of Prem Chand. |
| Keyswords: | Prem Chand, short story, Urdu, Rashid ul Khairi, psychological study, characters |
| Pages: | 426-432 |
| Article: | 32 , Volume 2 , Issue 1 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)32 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-I)32 |
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