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| Abstract: | Stylistics is one of the main branches of applied linguistics. It deals with the creative prose and poetry.it has four core areas like phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics. Sometimes we also discuss pragmatics as a fifth angle of the same discipline. In the present article I discussed the basic concepts of semantics especially with the reference of foregrounding, the use of English phraseology in Urdu text, enumeration and slang words. As my article is based on theoretical and the practical applications of some stylistics devices so I selected the the famous Urdu novel of Qutratul Ain Haider and pin pointed the major examples from the text. Semantics carries many major and minor literary devices which elaborate the text and the process of meaning in it. |
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| Pages: | 1-18 |
| Article: | 1 , Volume 1 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2020(1-II)1 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2020(1-II)1 |
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| Abstract: | There are numerous attributes in Pakhtunwali which shows the enlightened mind set of Pathans but it has its demerits as well. Pushtoons themselves don't approve of certain customs that they have been adhered to from ages. One of the bad customs in Pakhtoonwali is Swara. It is a statute of Pathans’ national and social constitution which is still in vogue in some remote and backward areas. It says that when a member of a pushtoon’s family is killed by an individual of another family and when both the families agree to bury the hatchet through arbitration of an impartial third party in order to stop further bloodshed, then Swara comes handy. And as a result, a maid of the murderer family is married off to the member of the bereaved family as compensation for the loss. Beside other bad practice, this too has been highlighted in Urdu fictions to convey the message that no one has the right to play with the lives of innocent individuals and that in case of mishap, only the culprit should bear the brunt. This treatise aims at showing the Pashtun an enlightened path and will prove to be milestone in pashtoon's culture. |
| Keyswords: | Pakhtunwali, Swara , customs, statute of Pathans’ national and social constitution Urdu fictions , aspects & Social Awareness, Pashtoon's culture |
| Pages: | 19-28 |
| Article: | 2 , Volume 1 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2020(1-II)2 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2020(1-II)2 |
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| Abstract: | Inshaiya is known as a genre of prose in Urdu literature. At first, there was a lot of discussion about understanding it and its form. Numerous articles were also written for and against it. Looking at the work that has been done on it in the last fifty, sixty years, it has to be said that Inshaiya has made tremendous evolution in Urdu literature and hundreds of Inshaiya collections have also been adorned with ornaments. Research papers have also been written on it in various universities. Many books have also appeared on Inshaiya art. Even PhD research papers have been written on it.Inshaiya is now continuing its evolutionary journey with full vigor. It is no longer difficult to understand his temperament. In the beginning, a few people paid attention to Inshaiya, but over time, hundreds or even thousands of writers came to Inshaiya and they put very excellent essays in the swing of Urdu literature. Along with new writers, when senior writers also paid attention to Urdu essays, its prestige increased further. |
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| Pages: | 29-40 |
| Article: | 3 , Volume 1 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2020(1-II)3 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2020(1-II)3 |
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| Abstract: | Literary movements and trends do not come and go with the flip of the calendar. People tend to gauge literary ideas and trends according to our own sence of time when they have their own natural courses which they must run through. There are three main kinds of poetry: narrative, dramatic and lyrical. Dramatic poetry is a kind of poetry which tells a story, Characters found in the poem like drama and their dialogues make poem impressive. This type of poetry aims at involving the reader in an experience or situation, and creates tension, immediacy, expectation, conflict. In dramatic poetry, poet expresses the deep emotions. This is a popular genre for opera. 12st century,s Urdu poet uses dramatic style like classical Urdu poets. The dramatic elements adorned and embellished 21st, s poetry. |
| Keyswords: | Literary, Movement, Teends |
| Pages: | 41-54 |
| Article: | 4 , Volume 1 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2020(1-II)4 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2020(1-II)4 |
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| Abstract: | Aslam Ansari is a prominent contemporary Urdu poet. As well as being a poet, he is also considered as an important Iqbal Shanaas, researcher and critic. He has not only shown creative excellence in Urdu but has also written excellent poetry in Persian, English and Saraiki. In Urdu, not only he has written Ghazal and Nazm, but a fair number of quartrains are his poetic assets. He aslso successfully experimented with writing the first Urdu blank verse quartrains (Rubaaiyat-e-Muarra). This study involves purposive sampling and for that purpose number of his quartrains have been selected and analysed. The purposive samples have been analysed with qualitive method of analysis. The qualitative method serves the desired purpose of poetic analysis and new meanings have been found with unique literary, linguistic, stylistic, dramatic and poetic features. |
| Keyswords: | Aslam Ansari, Poetry, Quartrain, Rubaaiyat-e-Muarra, Subject, Style |
| Pages: | 55-71 |
| Article: | 5 , Volume 1 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2020(1-II)5 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2020(1-II)5 |
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| Abstract: | Romanticism is the essence of human nature and fundamental attribute of human society. Human life breaths in the lap of romanticism. Love and passion are the undeniable and unavoidable features of human interactions and poetic expressions. The reflection of these attributes evident in Urdu poetry as well. Muhammad Jaan Atif bases the foundation of his poetry upon these very sempiternal emotions. His venture is based on romance which has been presented by his own respective citation. In this article romantic elements will be developed in Muhammad Jaan Atif ode |
| Keyswords: | Romanticism, passion, human, loved, Urdu odes, insanity, bounteous, authenticity, sempiternal, venture |
| Pages: | 72-79 |
| Article: | 6 , Volume 1 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2020(1-II)6 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2020(1-II)6 |
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| Abstract: | In legendry literature there is a huge role of intellect along with language and expression. In John Elia's poetry language is equally significant as the intellect. His poetry is easily understandable as compare to his philosophical thoughts and complex ideas which is the big secret to his success. John Elia is deeply affiliated with classic tradition but at the same time his poetry has an ample poetic expression as well. He defies the grammatical regulations and employees obsolete and rigid words in his poetry despite being a close affiliate of classic tradition he uses English words is his verse that represents his impromptu personality just like his personality his work also has variety. His work is a combination of classical and modern standards that has rendered his excellence. In this research art we analize his lingual aspect of his poetry in the bases of classical and modern mathadology. |
| Keyswords: | Classical Tradition, Grammatical Regulations, Obsolete Words, Modern Methodology Impromptu Personality |
| Pages: | 80-87 |
| Article: | 7 , Volume 1 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2020(1-II)7 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2020(1-II)7 |
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| Abstract: | Wazir Agha is the name of a versatile and committed person, whose experiences and observations have benefited the literary world. He made his mark in poetry and other genres of literature and gave a new direction to poetry in the cultural context. His poetry reflects many aspects of life with love for his land. It described the collapse of cultural foundations and changes in social attitudes. Reflecting on these issues, a mixture of hope and despair emerges in Wazir Agha's poetry. In this research paper, his poetry is analyzed in this context. |
| Keyswords: | Optimism, pessimism, poetry, cultural context, social attitudes |
| Pages: | 88-99 |
| Article: | 8 , Volume 1 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2020(1-II)8 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2020(1-II)8 |
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| Abstract: | Urdu literature has a rich and prestigious tradition of Noval writing. Mustansar Hussain Tarrar is one of the post popular and well known noval writer of the present age. This piese of noval is about the spread of COVID-19, in the whole world. This piece of writing deals with the perception of the public during this pendamic. COVID-19 effects the whole humanity with respect to economical, social and emotional aspects. So, it is, therefor, important to discuss the effects of this problem on human being, wih respect to socio-Psychological grounds. |
| Keyswords: | COVID-19, Pendamic, Mustansar Hussain Tarrar, Corona Virus, Research Articles, Literature |
| Pages: | 100-111 |
| Article: | 9 , Volume 1 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2020(1-II)9 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2020(1-II)9 |
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| Abstract: | The effects of globalization on Urdu literature may be observed with reference to thought and craft. Such effects of globalization with positive or negative inspired everybody. We can not place any barrier or hurdule in the pace of globalization. In this article an analyticlal study of the effects on Urdu, Punjabi literature by globalization are discussed which seems as an open war against humanity and literature as well between different civilizations and cultures |
| Keyswords: | Globe, Globalization, Urdu, Punjabi, Literature, Humanity, Culture |
| Pages: | 112-125 |
| Article: | 10 , Volume 1 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2020(1-II)10 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2020(1-II)10 |
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| Abstract: | An idiom is an expression or a word or a phrase that has figurative meanings i.e. it is either an expression phrase or a word whose meanings are not visible but hidden, hidden which is traditionally their meaning and can only be understood by locals and is difficult for people of other languages to understand. These idioms or phrases are commonly used in our conversation. If idioms or phrases are translated literally, they do not give the meanings that are meant, the hidden meanings which are metaphorically understood and spoked. Behind every idiom there is an old story, either the locals know that story or they never know what its origin is, how this proverb or idiom started and how it became popular. Until we understand or learn the meaning of these proverbs and idioms that the locals have explained us, we can never guess from the literal meaning of these proverbs what these words mean. This article explains in detail what idiom is and its different types. This article explains the meaning of proverbs with examples and analyzes them. |
| Keyswords: | China, Pakistan, Chinese, Urdu, Proverb, Idiom, Language, Expression, Meaning |
| Pages: | 126-141 |
| Article: | 11 , Volume 1 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2020(1-II)11 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2020(1-II)11 |
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| Abstract: | Muhammadi Begum was a worthy essayist in the history of Urdu essay. She wrote dozens of essays in Tehzeeb un Nuswan. In this research paper the researchers has analyzed her personality, family background, career, relations with Molvi Mumtaz Ali and critical analysis of essays and her contributions for the welfare of women and society. |
| Keyswords: | Muhammadi Begum, birth, family, career, essays, women writers, Tehzeeb un Nuswan, contributions |
| Pages: | 142-155 |
| Article: | 12 , Volume 1 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2020(1-II)12 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2020(1-II)12 |
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| Abstract: | This compilation of letters between Maulana Ghulam Qadir Girami (the Addressee) and Allama Iqbal(the Addressor) is a splendid example of sincere and friendly relation between them. It reveals not only the personal life of both these great personalities but also their spiritual relation , character and morality, values and characteristics and intellectual capabilities of which we are still unaware such as Girami’s biography, his disposition, easiness of his mood, education and training, Iqbal consultation of Persian poetry, his desire of different goals in haiderabad and its details, his marital life, love affair with his wife(iqbal begum), the story of his second marriage, Deewan Girami and Rubayiat-e- Girami. All these rare corners of Girami’s personality are revealed to us through this compilation of letters. |
| Keyswords: | Compilation of the letters of iqbal with Girami, valuable significance, importance, a researching, critical study |
| Pages: | 156-171 |
| Article: | 13 , Volume 1 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2020(1-II)13 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2020(1-II)13 |
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| Abstract: | What is language? Language is the way to express the feeling by words but not only by words we express our feeling it’s also can be expressed by us through our behavior, our writing our hand symbol, but in language or lisaniat subject language is the way to express our feeling in the word. When language starts and what was the first language no one knows but it is thinking of researchers it started million years ago and started from names. Before 1772 it was a concept that language is the gift of religion. But harder cleared it language are created by human beings because of its mistakes. If it would be created by God it would not have mistakes. After 1786 Dr. William Jon's considered 3 groups of languages Yonani, Latin, Sanskrit. And he proved this group of languages is made by another one. Yask book Narkati was the first book on Sanskrit grammar and then Ptyan Jali researcher wrote Ashat Adhyaae book on Sanskrit grammar. Before 5 thousand years ago a group from Shaan then the mountain came out and spread all over the world it calls Indo-European group it started many other languages after thousands of years it reached Iran. And started many languages group it called Indo-Iranian group. And it made also a group there and many languages were started by this group with drawer languages the drawer languages already were there before them. Indo European has three groups:- 1. Old Indian Doaryan 2. Nia- Modleindo Aryan 3. Nia new indo Aryan Indo European has also its family in which 7 languages including:- 1. Germanic 2. Italic 3. Celtic 4. Ballot Slavic 5. Hellenic 6. Armenian 7. Albania. |
| Keyswords: | Languages Aryan, Hind European, Iranian, Latin, Sanskrit, Family of Aryan, spread |
| Pages: | 172-187 |
| Article: | 14 , Volume 1 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2020(1-II)14 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2020(1-II)14 |
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