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| Abstract: | The history of letter writing in Urdu started from Ghulam Ghos Bekhabar and Mirza Ghalib, both made it easy in style and context. From the beginning of letter writing, the letters are the demonstration of ethical values and various philosophies, especially as we assimilate the letters of Iqbal. It becomes clear that he has not only put forward his philosophies regarding "time and space, life and death, selfhood and brotherhood, unity and faith, divine decree and predestination" etc. But he also discussed ethics and moral values in his letters. This article is an effort to bring forth the moral values and ethical philosophies in the letters of Allama Muhammad Iqbal. |
| Keyswords: | Letter, Ethics, Moral values, Iqbal, Writing Style, Philosophy |
| Pages: | 1-12 |
| Article: | 1 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)1 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)1 |
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| Abstract: | Hazara is such a unique landscape of Pakistan, which majestic charms are matchless, some prolific and towering literary personalities are related to it, who upheld song writing in Urdu.such as Qateel Shifai, Bashir Haider, Kanwal, Akhtar Bekhud muradabadi etc. So, it is pertinent that such unexplored pearls should be relocated that to what extent they contributed in song writing. So it is essentially worthwhile that such efforts in poetry of songs of Hazara region should be captured through the lens of research and on modern scientific ground. Song is a representation of culture and civilization, sentiments and feelings, desires and wishes, ideas and thoughts, rites and customs of any landscape. There is no peculiar disposition of song, everything depends upon intent and mode of the poet, the way he/she composes verse line or couplet and how the poet compose and rhyme scheme, and its length. Hazara is such a unique landscape of Pakistan, whose majestic charms are matchless, so prolific and towering literary personalities are related to it, who upheld song writing in Urdu. |
| Keyswords: | Haraza, Landscape, Pakistan, Majestic Charm, Literary |
| Pages: | 13-28 |
| Article: | 2 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)2 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)2 |
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| Abstract: | This research article analyzes Dr. Tabassum Kashmiri's Urdu Adab ki Tarikh in the context of other histories of Urdu. His modern trends, unique style, and new ideas have been identified. This has led to an attempt to figure out his position as a literary historian |
| Keyswords: | Tabassum Kashmiri, Urdu Adab ki Tarikh, History of Urdu, Urdu Research |
| Pages: | 29-43 |
| Article: | 3 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)3 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)3 |
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| Abstract: | Ashfaq Ahmad is a prominent fiction writer of Urdu. He belongs to Lahore, Pakistan. This article introduces universal aspect of Ashfaq Ahmad’s short stories. He explains the factor and zealots of society in his short stories that how these issues and problems effect the individual and whole community. He didn’t just disclose these problems even he also gave suggestions for solve these problems. |
| Keyswords: | Universal aspects, Zealots, Society, Community, Problems, Solutions |
| Pages: | 44-56 |
| Article: | 4 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)4 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)4 |
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| Abstract: | Although Mustansar Hussain Tarar became famous as a travel writer, he also holds a prominent position in the field of fiction due to his unique style and art. Fiction which is based on real events, political issues, history of Pakistan and true stories and psychological emotions makes it a unique contemporary fiction writer. The "Siah Ankh Mein Tasveer" myths make it clear that Mustansar Hussain Tarar not only felt the pain of Pakistan and its people but was also a part of it. In order to expose the political situation in these fictions, they have adopted a symbolic style and adapt the language and expression according to the lifestyle and circumstances of the characters. It would not be wrong to say that Mustansar Hussain Tarar works hard, responsibly and with love. |
| Keyswords: | Fiction unique style and art, political issues, history of Pakistan true stories, psychological emotions |
| Pages: | 57-68 |
| Article: | 5 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)5 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)5 |
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| Abstract: | Man has made great progress from the first day to the present. In all this development, language played very important role. The human language spread widly and human life was accelerated by the intervention of the machine. The scientific age broke all the records and took the pace of development beyond the speed of sound. The scientific age filled the human language with endless terms and techniques. The use of human language is declining, which will eventually become extinct and will be limited to the private affairs of life. The discussions that are going on today about code-mixing and code-switching in language are just the beginning of a new international language. |
| Keyswords: | Language, Signs, International, Development, Scientific, Human, Future |
| Pages: | 69-81 |
| Article: | 6 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)6 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)6 |
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| Abstract: | Corona has changed the scenario of world and life. World history is full of epidemics, when these epidemics cause destruction, at the same time they are the great stimulus for literary creations. In Urdu literature, Tatar's novel "Shehar Khali Kocha Khali" is also outcome of the Covid-19 scenario. The novelist has utilized his experience of the Corona encounter in his literary work. In this research article, impacts of Corona on human nature, ideologies, values and environment has been examined through the novel. Corona not only has refuted the manmade mega narratives but also has affected the environment a lot. Effects of Corona on environment has been assessed under environmental criticisms. Postmodernism on one hand refutes the mega narratives and universal truths established by modernism and premodernism, on other hand, it, with the help of environmental philosophy, leads how we can get rid of effects of modernism on environment and how the environment can be rehabilitated. |
| Keyswords: | Postmodernism, epidemic, Covid-19, environmental philosophy, mega narrative, deconstruction |
| Pages: | 82-96 |
| Article: | 7 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)7 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)7 |
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| Abstract: | This paper is about the ancient civilization of Ghandahara and its effect upon educational, social, cultural and archival development in the region. Ghandahara remained the center of great learning for decades and its centres of excellence were constructed in Pushklawati current name Charsadda, Pushapura currently named as Peshawar and Taxilka now named as Taxila. These centers of great learning imparted education in the indigenous style. The word "Gandhara" is frequently mentioned in the vast courtyard of history. Infect, the word is derived from two Sanskrit words "Gand" and "Hara", meaning "fragrance" and "area" respectively. This area is famous for its flowers and buds. This concept extends to the fragrance of flowers found in the valleys of three areas connected with Gandhara, Yodhiana (Swat), Kanshakpura (Parashpura), Peshawar and Pashkalavati (Charsadda). The word Gandhara is first used in the Rig Veda where it is used for the northeastern border of India. Is. Later credible quotes for Gandhara ‘Apastamba Apastamba’ Saravata Sutras Haramaxi srauts. |
| Keyswords: | Pukhkalawati, Ghandhara, Youdyana, Rage veed, Apastamba, Sarvata, Bala Hisar, Masaga |
| Pages: | 97-110 |
| Article: | 8 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)8 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)8 |
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| Abstract: | Ghulam Rabbani Agro occupies Praise worthy position in the galaxy of sindh writers. He worked for enriching sindh literature and language and did his level best for bringing better change in the society by virtue of his works. His publications consists of various literary forms such as “biographies” “Travelogues” and short stories, But his short stories and other works have not been researched and studied according to the latest research methodology, though, his work is out standing and wonderful. The topic under study will be some sort of high lighting his work on story writing. In prevailing literary, cultural and other conditions it will also pave way for further study on Subject. History and progress of short story in Sindhi literature special efforts will by take to evaluate the works of Ghulam Rabbani Agro. With special reference to crafts and message of his short stories and other writers, it will enable the researcher to determine the position and rank of Ghulam Rabbani Agro in the history of Sindhi literature. |
| Keyswords: | Personality, Translating, History, Discuss, Biographies, travelogues |
| Pages: | 111-124 |
| Article: | 9 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)9 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)9 |
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| Abstract: | Gohar Khan Khan Khattak, the son of the famous Pashto warrior poet, Khushal Khan Khattak, got poetic genius from his father in legacy. He wrote a rate book in Pashto language on the life of the Holy Prophet (S.W.A), which is an ample evidence to prove him as rightful descendent of his father. The life of the Holy Prophet (S.W.A) is eulogized in prose, sprinkled with religious poetry (hymns). A manuscript of this unique book is available in Pashto Academy Peshawar University and in the Library of Peshawar Museum. The characteristics feature of this book is that the important events of the life of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) have been adorned in elegant poetry alongside wonderful prose. The current research study critically evaluates Gohar Khan Khattak’s book (Qalb-ul-Aseer particularly the poetic part of it. |
| Keyswords: | Gohar Khan Khattak, Pashto Warrior, Legacy, Pashto Language, Religious Poetry, Manuscript |
| Pages: | 125-140 |
| Article: | 10 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)10 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)10 |
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| Abstract: | Mustansar Hussain Tarar (born 1st march 1939) is a Pakistani author, travel enthusiast, mountaineer, writer, novelist, columnist, TV host and former actor. “Bahao” is his famous novel. “Bahao” novel is a description of ancient history. “ Bahao” has presented economic concepts related to BC. The author has informed us about the economic system of 1700 BC. Where there is no concept of money. Items are bought and sold through the barter system .The biggest source of livelihood is the big flowing water and the rain water falling from the sky. All the livelihoods of the tounship are connected with these two sources. In this article, economic concepts are presented in the novel “ Bahao”. |
| Keyswords: | Mustansar Hussain Tarar, novel, Bahao, economic concepts |
| Pages: | 141-156 |
| Article: | 11 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)11 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)11 |
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| Abstract: | Dr. Nawaz Kavesh is a multidimentional personality. The atmost prominent aspect of his personality is sincerity. This sincerity seems throughout in his teaching, research, criticism and creativity. It included the inauguration of radio Pakistan in Bahawalpur and its stability. He has a particular position in poetry. In the fiction writing, he chose the genre of drama. His dramas harbours the intense feeling of high human values. He univerled and exposed the hunger, imprisonment, economics exploitation, instability of relations poverty and moral bankruptey. In his dramas social and economic consciousness exploded its rays everywhere found in them. In this research article in the dramas of Dr. Nawaz Kavesh Social consciousness will be analyzed. |
| Keyswords: | Multidimentional Personality, Sincerity, Fiction, Drama, High Human Values, Nawaz Kavesh, Social Consciousness |
| Pages: | 157-168 |
| Article: | 12 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)12 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)12 |
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| Abstract: | Mansha Yad is a reliable reference in modern Urdu fiction. Their stories speak volumes about the development of thought and art. Such unique, untouched, thought-provoking and immersive stories of human dignity not only distinguish it from its contemporaries, but also give it a high place in the whole context of Urdu fiction. He has forged a new path between fantasy and factual narrative that resembles Chopal's storytelling apart from the cities, but Mansha Yad's narrative runs not only on the surface but also in depth. In that sense, they are separate and connected to the past. His stories are rooted in the towns of Punjab and are full of life in which there is centuries of simplicity and innocence and also the basic desires and contradictions of the man connected with the land. Mansha Yad is distinguished among his contemporaries in that he falls in love with urban characters and the process of peeking inside is part of his art. |
| Keyswords: | Mansha Yad, Modern Urdu Fiction, Exposing External, Internal, Urban and Rural Realities, Social Values |
| Pages: | 169-184 |
| Article: | 13 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)13 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)13 |
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| Abstract: | The importance of our national language Urdu is certain. It ranks fourth among the world's languages, and it is a matter of pride for all of us that Urdu has reached many stages of evolution. Urdu language is the language of millions of people. In the present era, according to the needs and requirements of the time, Urdu language has not only developed form but also new scientific inventions including the internet computer and various mobile applications have expanded its scope. Urdu language is universal in the sense that it not only absorbed other languages but also kept its footing open for their words. There is no field where there is no knowledge or knowledge in Urdu |
| Keyswords: | National language, present era, Evolution to innovation, Modern consciousness, Modern literary trends, Culture and Civilization, Advanced languages |
| Pages: | 185-192 |
| Article: | 14 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)14 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)14 |
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| Abstract: | Muhammad Kazim was born on August 4, in a Syed family in Ahmadpur Sharqiya Tehsil of the former state of Bahawalpur. Mohammad Kazim's travelogue "A Season in the Mountains of Daman" is based on the history of Germany. On behalf of the office, Mohammad Kazim and two other members leave for one year for a diploma in German language. And it is a milestone in understanding the important places there. Mohammad Kazim has added color to the story thanks to the detail and excellent style. He is rich in creativity and has access to his expressions. Muhammad Kazim describes the situation very well through simple sentences. This travelogue is fascinating, informative and fascinating. Undoubtedly, Muhammad Kazim's travelogue "A Season in Daman Koh" can be considered as an invaluable treasure for Urdu literature. |
| Keyswords: | Reportage, Creative Experience, Diary Techniques, Art, Photography, Cultural Concepts, Eyesight, Geographical Boundaries, Colors |
| Pages: | 193-207 |
| Article: | 15 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)15 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)15 |
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| Abstract: | Shiba Traz is a versatile personality in Urdu literature. she is known as a writer, poete, artist and an intelligent journalist in academic, literary and social circles. Her father is Syed Asghar Mehdi and mother is Uzra Asghar. She has only one brother Syed Anber Tajoor. She got her education up to BSC as regular student. Later she was married to Zaigham Abbas n did her MA in Urdu as a private candidate. She has three daughters. She is editor of literary magazine Tagdeed e no published from Lahore and also she is honorary editor of a magazine “Makhzan” published from England. She is a member of Halqa e arbab e zoq. She inherited the literary taste while she is a born artist. This artistic touch reflects through her literary pieces. Sheepberry, stories, travelogue, and translations have Captivated the interest of the readers |
| Keyswords: | Versatile Personality, Urdu Literature, Writer, Poete, Artist, Journalist, Editor, Magazine |
| Pages: | 208-217 |
| Article: | 16 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)16 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)16 |
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| Abstract: | Maulana Romi is an important name (personality) in the Eastern Islamic State. In particular, “Masnavi Maulana Romi” is his masterpiece. Written in Persian, this Masnavi is a beautiful example of high values, wisdom,and philosophy and Islamic mysticism. This translated to almost all important and major languages of the world. There are many Translations in Urdu as well. One of them is the important effort of Qazi Sajjad Hussain. Who has completed this translation with separate features. In the following article, important features of Qazi Sajjad Hussain’s translation have been pointed out. So that the presence of other translations can make clear the value, importance and usefulness of this translation |
| Keyswords: | Maolana Roomi, Wazi Sajjad Hussain, Islamic Mysticism, Values, Wisdom, Major language |
| Pages: | 218-226 |
| Article: | 17 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)17 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)17 |
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| Abstract: | Rampur is considered as third school of poetry after Delhi and Luckhnow. Many prominent and legendary urdu poets of the time like "Dagh", "Ghalib"and "Ameer Minaee" joined the patronage of Rampur court. In the era of British rule in the subcontinent and where there was storytelling lyrics making and infect poetry love was prevailed. In that time several states got independence from the English and became independent. These states have seen the reign of various kings and Nawabs. Rampur was one of these important states it was considered in an important state due to its historical and literal status. A lot of literature writers poets ,kings and Nawabs norished the treasure of literature. Rohillass, Marathas,Jutes and other communities have ruled this era according to their wish and will. In this article, Rampur state's especial era from Aurang Zeb (1770) to Nawab Raza Ali Khan (1930), political customs and procedure of Princes,Nawab and Kings which effect the literature have been discussed and analyzed. |
| Keyswords: | Rampur, Delhi, Lakhnow, Dagh, Ghalib Ameer Meenai, Rohillass, Marathas, Jutes, Aurang Zeb, Raza Ali Khan. |
| Pages: | 227-238 |
| Article: | 18 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)18 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)18 |
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| Abstract: | Travelogues are considered as the most important pillar of knowledge in Urdu literature. In the past, it has been reported that it is used for a source of information about society only. With the passage of time it has been completely developed as singular branch. Recently, tones of travelogue writings are become the part of Urdu literature. Travelers visited countries of their interest and jotted downs their feelings, observations, countries’ social and economic situation, politics, history, their religions and education system and many mores. Many travelogues were written in the form of short stories but there’s a minute difference in between them. This article describes the bilateral relationship of travelogues and mythos (short stories) in different centuries. The well-known travelogue writers; Mustansar Hussain Tarar, Raza Ali Abdi, Sadut Hassan Manto, Ahmed Nadeem Qasmi, Qudrat Ullah Shahaab, Bano Qudsia, Hajra Masror and Azeez Ahmed are significantly discussed. |
| Keyswords: | Travelogues, Mythos, Urdu literature, Bilateral relationship, Fiction |
| Pages: | 239-252 |
| Article: | 19 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)19 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)19 |
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| Abstract: | After the freedom war of 1857, when the Hindus and Muslims became aware politically, the question of language arose with full swing. Ali Gharrh movement of Sir Sayed which was political in nature, became the protostar of Urdu language and set a goal to make the fate of the Muslims better along with the progress and the spread of Urdu language. Therefore, the progress of Urdu under the supervision and support of Sir Sayed can never be neglected. In this movement along with Sir Sayed Ahmad Khan, Maulana Shibli Nomani added a new style in Urdu literature. It was because of Sir Sayed Ahmed Khan that nation got rid from the dilemma of religion and nationalism. The wave of awareness spread among the nation. The writers connected to the movement wrote about the Religion, politics, history and education which created a social awareness and real consciousness among the masses. The distress and disappointment of the nation last it’s breathe. Healthy and positive activities were promoted, the combination of rationalism and naturalism created such a literature which had great impact on overall literature and society. |
| Keyswords: | Freedom war of 1857 Ali Gharrh movement, Sir Sayed Ahmad Khan, Maulana Shibli Nomani added a new style in Urdu literature, rationalism and naturalism created such a literature |
| Pages: | 253-263 |
| Article: | 20 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)20 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)20 |
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| Abstract: | "Naatia Poetry has a significant history in Urdu literature. This genre has always been considered but its current district recognition is the result of the publication of collections of Naatia poems. No strict structure and form is specified for writing Naatia poetry has a lot of variety yet in its diversity it highlights and enhances its distinct uniqueness". "Mohsin Ishan like other renowned Urdu poets has been part of the tradition of Naatia poetry writing. However, his style is Quite different from others which is his depiction of eastern culture and norms. Through the frequent depiction of eastern culture he intends to emphasize. The fact that the establishment of society, social norms tradition and culture start with the teaching of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and eventually perfected with its practice". "Naatia poetry has a significant history in Urdu literature. Although from various references this genre has its own name but publications of various collections of Naatia poetry has given it that society. Social norms tradition and cultural norms all spring from the teachings of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and are perfected through their practice". |
| Keyswords: | Naatia Poetry, Significant History, Fastern culture and norms, Establishment of society, Social Norms, Teaching of holly prophet (SAW) |
| Pages: | 264-275 |
| Article: | 21 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)21 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)21 |
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| Abstract: | This Research Artical study amied at investigating "Variety of topics in Urdu poetry" Urdu poetry covered a long evolutionary process from ancient time to its present age. Anjuman-e-Punjab Performs active role to promote the Nazam poetry. New modern era in poetry was started in 1930 when a new slogan raised for writing of “literature for life in place of writing literature for the sake of literature" Modern Movements poets gave a distinct dialect a style to Urdu poetry writing. They broke all the obstacles of classical poetry in order to bring found their feelings and emotions. There are so many topics in Urdu poetry like social sympathy, injustice, poverty, equality, social justice and harsh treat with women in society and also describes the poet's behavior etc. |
| Keyswords: | Variety of topics, Poverty, Injustice, Social Sympathy, Promoted Urdu poetry through Modern Movements |
| Pages: | 276-290 |
| Article: | 22 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)22 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)22 |
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| Abstract: | The novel expresses the ground realities and cultural activities of its time. The novelist derives his themes from life and society. These themes paint a picture of their era that reflects civilization and culture. Man cannot live without civilization and civilization cannot come into existence without man. In the drains of Pakistani women novelists, there is a mixture of Pakistani culture, Indian culture and mixed culture. Pakistani culture in which dance and music festivals, customs, literature, religion, art, fine arts, architecture, eating and drinking etiquette, nisht and barkha and traditions are deeply rooted. Seem to be intertwined in civilization and culture. |
| Keyswords: | Significance, Civilization, Culture, Religious, Festival, Rituals, History |
| Pages: | 291-302 |
| Article: | 23 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)23 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)23 |
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| Abstract: | Karamat Bukhari is a renowned poet and literary figure. Although it is really an arduous task for a civil servant to make a name for him/herself in the field of literature, but Karamat Bukhari did it with ease due to his sheer hard work and as a result, gained immense fame. Each of his poetry collection reflects art of the highest quality. He decorated his poetry with fine delicacies of poetic expressions in his poetic collection “Tashnagi”. He has expressed his thoughts and feelings in his poetry with such originality that they tend to induce the same emotions in the readers’ minds that were a mark of his imaginations before putting them out on a piece of paper. |
| Keyswords: | Renowned, Literary figure, Arduous, Sheer, Reflects, Imaginations |
| Pages: | 303-312 |
| Article: | 24 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)24 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)24 |
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| Abstract: | Aik Chaddar Malli Si"is an important creation in Urdu beautifully portrayed social and domestic problems of fiction….. has women. Under the influence of this novel and Punjabi and Hindustani comes across with their many social depiction of female characters we psychological condition. In novel; Female characters domestic and seems the victim of social discard. She seems fighting with social chauvinism. Novel envisage feminism wich norms. She is victim of will be surface of this article. |
| Keyswords: | Feminism, Social, Influence, chauvinism, depiction |
| Pages: | 313-320 |
| Article: | 25 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)25 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)25 |
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| Abstract: | This article, as the premier work introducing the principles of bilingual lexicography from a technical perspective, is launched to represent original thinking and innovative theorization in the field of bilingual lexicography. It treats the bilingual dictionary as a system of intercultural communication and bilingual dictionary making as a dynamic process realized by sets of choices, characterizing the overall nature of the dictionary. It examines the dictionary and dictionary making by using a model of lexicography which stresses the three-way relationship of compiler, dictionary context and user and incorporates them into a unified coherent framework. Throughout the study, special focus is on Urdu and Pashto bilingual lexicography. In the article not only discuss all the main practical and theoretical issues in lexicography for Urdu and Pashto , but a thorough treatment of the processes involved within a communicative model, as the bilingual dictionary is seen as what it can be at its best: an indispensable learning tool. A bilingual dictionary, like other dictionaries, is an imperfect method of describing the lexicon in one or two languages, yet, given the nature of dictionary consultation, it can be successfully used in prediction, i.e. in production of linguistic forms or meanings which serve in the process of communication’ |
| Keyswords: | Pashto, Urdu, Pakistan, Afghanistan, lexicography, Dictionaries, research, evolution, ancient language, bilingual |
| Pages: | 321-334 |
| Article: | 26 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)26 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)26 |
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| Abstract: | “Khair-ul-Laghat” is the first Pashto-Urdu dictionary, the first part of which (consisting of about 5220 words) has been published. The orthodoxy of the Pashto language is undeniable. It is disappointing to look at the early stages of this language, because as old as the Pashto language is, neither its literary capital was high nor did this ancient language reach the level which this language should have."Khair-ul-Laghat" is the first and earliest attempt of Pashto Urdu lexicography. The flaws in it are in place but the strengths in it cannot be ignored which the lexicographer has taken care of very well. The first strength of this dictionary is that Qazi Khairullah has divided it into chapters. The names of the various sports, household items, herbs, human organs, animals and birds are listed in the context. Taken as a whole, no dictionary is perfect. There must be some flaw in it because it is a difficult task and then for an individual this task becomes even more difficult. As far as "Khair-ul-Laghat" is concerned, it is the first dictionary of Pashto-Urdu languages. Not without flaws, nor can we call Qazi Khairullah's "Khair-ul-Laghat" a vast and extensive dictionary of Pashto Urdu, but still in an era in which no one pays attention to these two languages. He did pay attention. Qazi Khairullah took up the task. The flaws and shortcomings were in place but still this work regularly played a vital role in drawing the scholars and lexicographers towards the harmony and compatibility of these two languages. |
| Keyswords: | Pashto, Urdu, Khair-ul-Laghat, Pakistan, Afghanistan, lexicography, Dictionaries, research, evolution, ancient language |
| Pages: | 335-347 |
| Article: | 27 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)27 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)27 |
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| Abstract: | Sence related experiences are exiabated the bourn of imagery that’s why poetry constructed on Images, moved that the readers. The poetry of Saqi Farooqui is highly loaded with examples of Imagery’s his poetry contain diffwrent sensual Images. Particularly viusul imagert is more dynamic in it. Generally his poetry reveals mixed Imagery and hiz use of Imagery seems more unique and appealing. Usually in poem Imagery find genrus room but in Saqi Faroqui odes larish use of Imagery can be seen. However in his poems the use imagery is more detailed and white in his odes. |
| Keyswords: | Poetry Figures, Illustrations, Sensations, Imagination, Poems, Ghazals |
| Pages: | 348-359 |
| Article: | 28 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)28 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)28 |
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| Abstract: | Anwar Sajjad is an important name of Urdu short stories. He wrote romantic short stories using symbols and metaphors. But after some time this symbolic color was sharpest. He also tried to match the controversial signs from the symbols. He also tried to combine mythological stories with symbols. Through the sinners and symbols, themes of oppression, oppression, humiliation and themes like human and moral values have presented. In this article, the symbolism in fictions of the Anwar Sajjad is described. |
| Keyswords: | Anwar Sajjad, Urdu, short stories, Romantic, Symbols, Metaphors |
| Pages: | 360-367 |
| Article: | 29 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)29 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)29 |
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| Abstract: | Ali Muhammad Farshi is a famous poet. His poems are multidimensional. One of main topic of his poems is natural environment. He beautifully present the case of nature survival in his poems. In context of eco criticism (a literary theory that is the study of the relationship between literature and the physical environment) his poems have been analyzed in this article. |
| Keyswords: | Ali Muhammad Farshi, Multidimensional poems, Eco Criticism, Natural Environment |
| Pages: | 368-381 |
| Article: | 30 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)30 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)30 |
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| Abstract: | Colonel Muhammad Khan (1910-1999) is one of the renowned writers of Urdu literature. His unique style of writing has earned him a distinctive status. The author's socio-political consciousness is read in full swing in his autobiography “Bajang Aamad” & presents the domestic and international socio-political landscape in an unbiased manner. As you study the journal, the reader begins to discover many facts of the past. The author has elaborated the political and social tensions of India and the Middle East. The writer uses his God-given ability to narrate the events and observations that took place during his military service in the past in a very captivating way. That is why, the reader cannot help but be impressed by his autobiography. The author has made his autobiography interesting by using distortions, alterations of words, a coherent style of narration of events, rhymes and proverbs. |
| Keyswords: | Autobiography, Subcontinent, Second World War, Socio-Political, Situation |
| Pages: | 382-392 |
| Article: | 31 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)31 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)31 |
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| Abstract: | Urdu Fiction, from abinitio till date, construction womanhod as natural phenomenon embedden in different feeling and thoughts of social life. She is unfolded as social being whose emotional life is a byproduct of social odds. Her psyche, indifferent writing shrinks in culture limits--marginalisingaborignal--and expands in modern settings--advocating modernity. Abusive female character is ingrained in social conditions making a point to inferior culture of scheduled castes. The novels under discussion present a very interesting situation where corrective attitude of Molvi Nazeer Ahmad place woman in postmodern world of today reflecting all qualities of postmodern world. |
| Keyswords: | Novel, women, sentiments, castes, moderni Molvi Nazeer Ahmad |
| Pages: | 393-405 |
| Article: | 32 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)32 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)32 |
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| Abstract: | Literature is a name to live a life. The film is the most effective medium to depict life. No film could be successful without a good story. It gives life to the words. It tends to affect, mould, and even change people's way of life. Noval-based films always attracted people’s attention more than novels. Films like naila, Saiqa, Khak aur khon, Devdas, Gharnata, Umrao jan Ada, and Mothi Bhar Chaawal left an indelible impression on the hearts and minds of the people. Films produce better effects of horror and romance crime and repentance, love, and hatred due to audio-video effects. So, it is the most impressive source to create impact and the modern instruments have amplified its importance. |
| Keyswords: | Film, Novel, Cinema, Society, Impact, Education |
| Pages: | 406-415 |
| Article: | 33 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)33 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)33 |
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| Abstract: | The first literary journal of Urdu was published on 1st September, 1847 A.D. known as "Khair Khah e Hind" later renamed as "Mohib e Hind". During 2nd and 3rd decade of twentieth century A.D., some renowned Urdu journals were issued by some persons having great taste of Urdu literature. These journals include "Humayun", "Nerang e Khayal","Nigar", "Adabi Dunya", "Adab e Latif" etc. These journals set a tradition of issuing special numbers, which also include issuance of special numbers on "Humour and Satire". The role played by these special numbers for promoting humour and satire in Urdu literature has been ignored by the researchers, which is being brought in limelight by this research article. |
| Keyswords: | Mahnama, Inkishaf, Saqi, Zareef Number, Saqi, Zarafat-o-Tanz, Ali Garh Magazine, Tanz-o-Zarafat Number, Shahra, Tanz-o-Mazah Number, Aajkal, Tanz-o-Mazah Number, Hum Sukhan, Tanz-o-Mazah Number, Shagoofa, Hindustani Mazah Number ( Nasr), Ravi, Tanz-o-Maza |
| Pages: | 416-431 |
| Article: | 34 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)34 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)34 |
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| Abstract: | Dr. Anwaar Ahmad is a columnist, critic and a famous short storywriter. He wrote the columns in "Daily Duniya" with the title "wada Khilafi". He also writes in the online newspaper "Gird o paish". His columns are full of beautiful sentences, and thought provoking topics and ideas. His criticism on the present situations paves the paths for radical thinking and mindfulness. The specificity of these columns is nutrition and training of the intellect. These columns are assets for the future. This research artical reflects the contribution of Anwar Ahmad in journalism. In this article, some bright and specific aspects of his columns writing have been stated. |
| Keyswords: | Anwar Ahmad, columns, columnist, wada khilafi, daily Dunia, Gird o paish, online paper |
| Pages: | 432-445 |
| Article: | 35 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)35 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)35 |
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| Abstract: | Raza Ali Abidi was born 30 November 1935 in Rookree, Uttarkhand (India). He moved to Karachi along his family in 1950, and then migrated to London & worked for the BBC (URDU) 1972 till 2008. He got education from a renowned institute which is Islamia College. He is Urdu travelogue, Fiction writer, Journalist, Broadcaster, Sketcher and well known children’s story writer. Raza Ali Abidi has gained fame for being an author, explorer, writer and Journalist, Some acclaimed books of the Raza Ali Abidi are Urdu ka haal, Jurnale Sarak, Jahaze Bhai, Sher Darya, Keetabein Apney Aaba Ke, Jaan Sahib, Tees Saal Bad, Apne Awaz etc. |
| Keyswords: | Urdu Travelogue, Fiction Writer, Broadcaster, Sketcher, Jurnale Sarak, Sher Darya |
| Pages: | 446-465 |
| Article: | 36 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)36 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)36 |
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| Abstract: | This study analyses the Urdu literature Qit’a (قطعہ) regarding the resistance towards the state terrorism of the United States. The study aimed to explore the various hegemonic techniques of the United States to control the Muslim countries (Iraq, Afghanistan, and Pakistan) through the imposition of New World Order under the shield of war on terror. The belligerent voice of ten poets has been the scope of the study. The analysis shows the poets expressed their utter disapproval, and anger and protested against the state terrorism of the United States. They express their ideas in an ironic and satiric manner. This study recommended studying the other genres of the poets to lay bare the state terrorism for the vested interests of the United States. |
| Keyswords: | United States, Afghanistan, Pakistan, poetry, Urdu, literature, Resistance, Terrorism |
| Pages: | 466-483 |
| Article: | 37 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)37 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)37 |
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| Abstract: | Novel is the most popular genere of Urdu fiction. The Novel expresses human life. It depicts nature as well as depicts human habits, customs and the realities of life. History has been an important subject of Urdu novels. History tells the story of human social and cultural evolution while the novel reflects social, cultural, civilizational and political life. It is as if the novel not only reflects the society of the past but also preserves it. Urdu historical novels and contemporary awareness discussed in this article |
| Keyswords: | Novel, Urdu Historical Novels, Contemporary awareness, Colonial Era |
| Pages: | 484-498 |
| Article: | 38 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)38 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)38 |
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| Abstract: | Alif nama or See Harfi is a well-known genre of poetry. This genre belongs to Persian literature and came from Persian to other Eastern languages. Subjects of this genre are mostly related to ethics or mysticism. In case of Pashto literature also this genre came from Persian literature and achieved such a status that now it is considered as genre of Pashto literature in its own place. In Pashto poetry, many poets have tried their hand at this genre. They have been created many wonderful Alif namas, which are the great examples and rich sources of knowledge, mysticism and Sufism. This article discusses the Alif namas of Mula Arzani khwaishke, the first Pashto poet of Alif nama and sheds light on his thoughts and art. |
| Keyswords: | Alif nama, genre of poetry, literature, ethics, mysticism, Sufism |
| Pages: | 499-514 |
| Article: | 39 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)39 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)39 |
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| Abstract: | Khalid Fateh Mohammad is a prominent contemporary writer۔He has made a name for himself in novels and fiction. There are various themes in his fiction especially he has played an important role in highlighting Pakistani culture and civilization. He also have an understanding of social problems, hunger, class struggle under the influence of capitalism and sexual and psychological problems of human beings. He also clarified the difference between ancient civilization and modern civilization. Cultural awareness is found in the fictions of Khalid Fateh Mohammad. That is why he has tried to enlighten the generation growing up in the 21st century about the cultural heritage. This article will review the cultural elements of Khalid Fateh Mohammad's fiction. |
| Keyswords: | culture, civilization, psychological, social, customs |
| Pages: | 515-526 |
| Article: | 40 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)40 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)40 |
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| Abstract: | Persian language is included in the oldest languages in the world. In the Mughal’s rule Persian language is national language of sub continent. During nineteen century in the sub-Continent Mughal’s rule fell down and the British occupied the whole region. British were banned by Persian language but Muslims and especially Muslim saints and Sufis use Persian language for writing work. The same has been done in Multan called the city of saints.Khawaja Ubaid Ullah Multani is one of the prominent Sufi and writer of Multan. He wrote more than 100 books. One of these books is Musnawi Ubaidia Kalan which was written by Him for his elder son Abdul Rehman for advice. In This Musnawi Khawaja Ubaid Ullah Multani uses many references from The Holy Book Quran e Majeed as a proof. With this the importances of this Musnawi also rise. In this article I discuss these Quranic references in details. |
| Keyswords: | Persian language, Manuscript, Musnawi Ubaidia Kalan, Persian verses |
| Pages: | 527-540 |
| Article: | 41 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)41 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)41 |
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| Abstract: | Asif Farrukhi was an eminent writer of fiction, literary critic, translator, poet and travel writer on the same time. He enriched Urdu literature more then most of his time and age. He was the editor of “Duniyazad” Magazine. As editor, he welcomed and promoted new writers. This magazine made an excellent selection of Urdu literature. It also includes Urdu translations of literary works in other languages. It also provided a platform for writers and poets to emerge. It is a unique kind of magazine. The theme for each issue is chosen and compiled accordingly. It published traditionlist modernist as well as progressive writers. It is the asset and spokesman of the nation. It is a source of domestic and foreign literary and scholarly resources, which it reveals by reading. This research article will prove to be the best reflection of the worldly mood of magazine “Duniyazad. It will reveal the specific themes of this magazine, the domestic and foreign literature which published in it |
| Keyswords: | Aisf Farrukhi, Daily Dawn, Mokalma, Dil Raiza Raiza, Hamsub, Duniyazad, Dailly Dunia |
| Pages: | 541-559 |
| Article: | 42 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)42 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)42 |
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| Abstract: | Man is always a victim of psychological attitudes and mental disorders. In literature, the term psychology was first introduced by Freud for analytical study of this psychological perplexity. Psychology developed in 17th century in Germany and France. This article deals with the beginnings and evolution of psychology, as well as the psychological study of the characters in the novel "Hamjan" by novelist Faris Mughal from Balochistan. |
| Keyswords: | Psychology, Beginnings and Evolution of psychology, Characters, "Hamjan" |
| Pages: | 560-571 |
| Article: | 43 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)43 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)43 |
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| Abstract: | Intezar Hussain's fiction is to analyze the situation in a logical way. His talk on visas and passports was in vogue in India and Pakistan, but now global moral contractors and preachers of tolerance are closing the doors of their country to the people out of love for their country. This is the form of blood in which even its shadow seems suspicious. These myths tell the historical situation of Pakistan. The themes of these myths describe the changes that have taken place in the social, cultural, civil and political spheres throughout history. The focus of their attention is our attitude towards the nation. Even superficial reactions to the greatest misfortunes and tragedies are astonishing. |
| Keyswords: | Intezar Hussain, Fiction, Shoet Stories, India, Pakistan, Global, Social, Culture, Civil, Political, History |
| Pages: | 572-581 |
| Article: | 44 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)44 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)44 |
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| Abstract: | Greif is deeply rooted in psychology. Psychologists have tried to resolve the grief and the psychological complications that arise from it. In order to understand the psychology of grief, Kubler Ross developed a model which presents psychology of grief in stages. These five stages are named as denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance respectively. A grieving man takes turn in all these stages. Almost all the stages can be observed in the novel "Shehar Khaki Kocha Khaki" and the narrator of the story too goes through all these stages. David Kessler adds one more stage which he named finding the meaning. After the acceptance of grief, a patient finds meanings in the darkness of life and gives meaning to his life. Kubler's model opens new doors for understanding Tarar's novel. |
| Keyswords: | Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance, finding meaning, psychological impacts |
| Pages: | 582-599 |
| Article: | 45 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)45 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)45 |
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| Abstract: | British entered Subcontinent in 15th century. Soon they took a strong grip on all central areas and regions of India, politically, economically and socially. In 18th century they ruled the whole Hindustan. During this period, most of the words of English language entered in Urdu Language and Literature and vice versa. After that those words and phrases became the part of their dictionaries with the same meanings and references with the similar sounds even. This article is about those famous words,(phrases) which are similar in Urdu and English dictionaries and now have become the part of both languages. |
| Keyswords: | Language, Urdu, English, India, British, Words, Phrases, Region, Vocals, Grammar, Dictionary |
| Pages: | 600-628 |
| Article: | 46 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)46 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)46 |
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| Abstract: | Naeem Al-Hamid is a well-known poet in Saudi Arabia. But in the world of Urdu, he is best known for his creative, plain and coherent translation of Baydil’s Persian poetry in Urdu. Following the top-notch rules of Urdu translation we find many examples of translated verses in poetic and prosaic manner. Abdul Kadar Baydil's is known poet of Hindi diction whose thought and theme have impressed the great poets of India. But while the commoner Indians are not familiar with the Persian language so Hamid's such contribution played a vital role in understanding the Persian poetry. |
| Keyswords: | Naeem Al-Hamid, Poet, Saudi Arabia, Urdu, Translation, Persian Poetry, Hindi, Abdul Kadar Baydil |
| Pages: | 629-641 |
| Article: | 47 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)47 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)47 |
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| Abstract: | Naeem Al-Hamid is a well-known poet in Saudi Arabia. But in the Masochism is a psychological term used to describe people who take pleasure in suffering and pain. Basically the roots of this perversion are connected with the human sex life. Mosochism is related to death instinct. This instinct tries to push the organism towards an inorganice state. In Ghalib’s poetry, masochism exists in a colourul style. At its core is the dominant atmosphere, mood, trauma of personal life and the story of the up heaval of collective life. In Ghalib’s poetry, there is a large handful of feelings of inferiority, superiority, egoism, fear, jealously, delusion, despair and depression in the background of the psychology of masochism. |
| Keyswords: | Ghalib, masochism, psychology, instinct, egoism, inferiority, superiority, fear |
| Pages: | 642-658 |
| Article: | 48 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)48 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)48 |
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| Abstract: | Mir and Ghalib are the cultural metaphores of Urdu literature.Both have observed the downfall of Indian civilization during the colonial period of East India Compnay.They raised their poetic voices to explain the weeknesses of local political systems and dispersal of values in social setup. They have also recognized the evils in the minds of colonialists as they were planning for the cultural invasion of whole subcontinent. Mir has pessimistic approach in his poetry as he was observing the storm of darkness that was about to prevail everywhere. So, he has found only one way to save his identity by hiding his selfness in Sufism. It can be said that Mir has handed over his identity to the super power of the nature and this was the uncounsious reaction of his intellect. On the other hand, Ghalib has observed this invasion with his eyes. He has written many stories in his letters. His intellect was one step ahead from the Mir as he has not given up his identity till the end. He has taken the support of the Sufism and super power of the nature, but he has kept his intellect as his separate identity. In this article, it is tried to differniate the pattern of feelings of both classic figures Mir and Ghalib with reference to the colonial aspects. |
| Keyswords: | Mir, Ghalib, Tarz, Ahsas, Nouabadiyat, Tehzeb |
| Pages: | 659-666 |
| Article: | 49 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)49 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)49 |
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| Abstract: | Khalid javed,s art is in fact the name of human experience and awareness of observation. Khalid javed,s novels are the best interpreters of the storm of suffering, misery, sorrow and loneliness that the human race has endured. His thought in the universe is as if the interpretation of reality and reality is constant possibility the mysticism of understanding life and understanding the facts has ignited the process if playing openly with in the extinct boundaries of his art-Khalid javed,s ruthless statement leaving all the ends of the story so loose and confusing that it becomes a challenge for the reader to understand-the theme of all three of Khalid javed,s novels is death-your novels of philosophical and psychological issues as well as social, political, Cultural and economic life is also a charisma. |
| Keyswords: | Modernity, Postmodernism, Absurd, Death, Loneliness, Life understanding, Ruthless statement |
| Pages: | 667-679 |
| Article: | 50 , Volume 3 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)50 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2022(3-II)50 |
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